BACKGROUND Ninety percent of glucose filtered by the glomerulus is reabsorbed by a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), which is expressed mainly on the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules. Since SGLT-2-mediated glucose reabsorption is enhanced under diabetic conditions, selective inhibition of SGLT2 has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with...

BACKGROUND The recently published cardiovascular outcomes data for the first sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, empagliflozin, have shown cardiovascular safety and additional benefits in patients with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease. Empagliflozin showed lower rates of death from cardiovascular causes or from any causes and lower hospitalization rates from ...

BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes have a two to fourfold increased risk for development of and death from cardiovascular disease [CVD]. The current oral hypoglycaemic agents result in limited reduction in this cardiovascular risk. Sodium glucose linked co-transporter type 2 [SGLT2] inhibitors are a relatively new class of antidiabetic agent that have been shown to have potential cardiovascular ...

Current guidelines for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) indicate a patient-centered approach that should go beyond glycemic control. Of the many antihyperglycemic agents available for treatment of T2DM, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors offer the advantages of reduced glycated hemoglobin (A1C), body weight (BW), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and are associated wi...

Inhibition of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) has been reported as a new therapeutic strategy for treating diabetes. However, the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the kidney is unknown. In addition, whether SGLT2 inhibitors have an anti-inflammatory or antioxidative stress effect is still unclear. In this study, to resolve these issues, we evaluated the effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor, dapag...

The specific sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) inhibit glucose reabsorption in proximal renal tubular cells, and both fasting and postprandial glucose significantly decrease because of urinary glucose loss. As a result, pancreatic β-cell function and peripheral insulin action significantly improve with relief from glucose toxicity. Furthermore, whole-body energy metab...

Kidneys contribute to glucose homeostasis by reabsorbing filtered glucose in the proximal tubules via sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs). Reabsorption is primarily handled by SGLT2, and SGLT2-specific inhibitors, including dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin, increase glucose excretion and lower blood glucose levels. To resolve unanswered questions about these inhibitors, we deve...

Remogliflozin etabonate (RE), the prodrug of remogliflozin, is an inhibitor of the sodium glucose–dependent renal transporter 2 (SGLT2), enabling urinary glucose excretion to reduce hyperglycemia for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Renal function declines more rapidly in patients with type 2 diabetes, making it difficult or unsafe to continue on some antidiabetic therapeutics. In an initial e...

Thirty-six patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a once-daily oral dose of placebo or 150 or 300 mg of the dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor LX4211 for 28 days. Relative to placebo, LX4211 enhanced urinary glucose excretion by inhibiting SGLT2-mediated renal glucose reabsorption; markedly and significantly improved multiple measures of glycemic control, includi...

Objective and Methods An SGLT2 inhibitor (ipragliflozin, dapagliflozin, luseogliflozin, tofogliflozin, or canagliflozin) was administered to 132 outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without other antidiabetic drugs for 6 months to evaluate its efficacy, the incidence of adverse events, and its influence on the renal function. Results The patient's mean glycated hemoglobin level sig...