Milnacipran is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), with a balanced potency for the inhibition of the reuptake of the two monoamines. In this, it contrasts with venlafaxine and duloxetine which, while possessing a dual action, have a selectivity of the order of 30-fold and 10-fold respectively for the reuptake of serotonin. Milnacipran has mainly been launched in countries ...

Antidepressants, especially selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, which are among the most commonly used pharmaceuticals, ubiquitous in effluents and freshwaters. Microparticles, including microplastics, show sorption properties to different compounds, thus becoming a potential vector of toxic substances. This study aimed evaluate effects four antidepressants on protozoan Spirostomum ambigu...

This paper outlines aspects of the interface between law and science in the domain of treatment induced injury, using examples drawn from litigation on SSRIs. In the face of claims that randomized controlled trials provide uniquely appropriate evidence and that there should be a statistically significant doubling of the risks on treatment, the examples used demonstrate that the methods of asses...

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5585.].

The introduction of integrase inhibitors as a new drug class for treatment of HIV have added a very potent and extremely well tolerated new treatment option to the HIV-armentarium. Particularly in patients with previously developed drug resistance, the availability of new active drugs offers great hope. Moreover, the in general excellent safety profile offers numerous opportunities for all line...

Endothelial cells isolated from bovine aortas without prior treatment with enzymes were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium containing 17% fetal calf serum and antibiotics. The endothelial cells at confluency (7 days) were similar to endothelium in situ or to freshly isolated endothelial cells from blood vessels as seen by light, scanning, and electron microscopy. Cultured and freshly isolated indothe...

Autism is a dynamic neurodevelopmental syndrome in which disabilities emerge during the first three postnatal years and continue to evolve with ongoing development. We briefly review research in autism describing subtle changes in molecules important in brain development and neurotransmission, in morphology of specific neurons, brain connections, and in brain size. We then provide a general sch...

Patients are often required to “cross over” between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) because of cost savings or a lack of the agent’s effectiveness. Pharmacokinetics, serotonin syndrome, and withdrawal symptoms must be considered when therapy is changed. This review analyzes the data available regarding changing from one SSRI to another; however, the findings are inconclusive in ...

BACKGROUND Placebo-controlled clinical trials have led to concern over possible increased risk of suicide-related events in some populations exposed to antidepressants. AIMS To evaluate the risk of suicide attempts by antidepressant drug class and the presence or absence of depression. METHOD A retrospective propensity-matched new-user cohort study was used to compare participants with inci...