PURPOSE It has been reported that the addition of epinephrine and/or bicarbonate to local anesthetic enhances the depth of epidural blockade and that initial partial bolus injection results in greater caudal spread. We evaluated the anesthetic effects of lidocaine with epinephrine and/or bicarbonate injected into the epidural space by bolus or catheter injection. METHODS Forty-four patients u...

BACKGROUND Brachial plexus block is useful for upper extremity surgery, and many techniques are available. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of axillary brachial plexus block using an ultrasound technique to the peripheral nerve stimulation technique. METHODS 60 patients scheduled for surgery of the forearm or hand were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 30 per group). For...

Although NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are associated with synaptic plasticity, they form an essential part of responses to sensory stimuli. We compared contributions of glutamatergic NMDARs and AMPA receptors (AMPARs) to auditory responses in the inferior colliculus (IC) of awake, adult mustached bats. We examined the magnitude and temporal pattern of responses to tonal signals in single units befor...

Background & Method: The aim of the study is to compare sensory and motor blockade produced by caudal Bupivacaine Ropivacaine in pediatric patients. Patients were randomly allocated 1 2 groups (n = 25) using a random number table, receive block with either Inj (0.25%) 1ml/kg (Group I) or Inj. II). Result: mean age distribution Group almost same without any significant difference. Heart rate...

Background: For spinal anesthesia, levobupivacaine is considered an effective alternative anaesthetic agent to conventional bupivacaineowing the faster recovery profile and lower probability of cardiovascular toxicity.Aim: To comparatively assess analgesic hemodynamic features dose hyperbaric bupivacaine isobariclevobupivacaine used for infra umbilical surgeries.Methods: The present clinical st...

Introduction: In recent years, real-time ultrasonographic guidance has been introduced for peripheral nerve blocks, which is rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly more useful in the field of regional anesthesia. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the three techniques of brachial plexus block. Trial design: This was a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Materials and Method...

Although nitrous oxide (N(2)O; laughing gas) remains widely used as an anesthetic and analgesic in clinical practice, its cellular mechanisms of action remain inadequately understood. In this report, we examined the effects of N(2)O on voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in acutely dissociated small sensory neurons of adult rat. At subanesthetic concentrations, N(2)O blocks low-voltage-activated, T-t...

Background: Ropivacaine had clinical advantages over Bupivacaine with respect to cardiac toxicity and motorblock it was suitable for epidural caecerian section. This study set-up compare ropivacainewith fentanyl / Fentanyl mixture in LSCS surgeries.Method: Out of 90 patients 45 received 10 mg hyperbaric 20 microgram (groupRF) 15 Hemodynamic parameters sensory andmotor blockade APGAR score were ...

The traditional axillary perineural (PN) approach for brachial plexus block is frequently used, but separate musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) required and increases procedure time patient discomfort. We hypothesized that a using the proximal perivascular (PPV) method at MCN branching from lateral cord would obviate need an while ensuring quality similar to of PN method. For group (n = 25), needle w...