In this study, confocal Raman microspectroscopy was used to detect lipids in microalgae rapidly and non-destructively. Microalgae cells were cultured under nitrogen deficiency. The accumulation of lipids in Scenedesmus obliquus was observed by Nile red staining, and the total amount of lipids accumulated in the cells was measured by gravimetric method. The signals from different microalgae cell...

The muscle fiber composition and cross-sectional area of muscle fiber types were investigated histochemically in the abdominal muscles (rectus abdominis muscle, obliquus externus abdominis muscle, obliquus internus abdominis muscle and transversus abdominis muscle) of three Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata). Muscle fibers were classified into three fiber types (Type I, II A and II B) by myosin...

The competition between algae and aquatic bacteria for inorganic nutrients puts some constraints on the coexistence of these 2 essential groups in the water column. Based on competition and stoichiometry theories the carbon hypothesis states that, since bacteria are better competitors for nutrients, they may drive themselves to carbon (C)-limitation, so coexistence would naturally arise between...

A total of 28 male BALB/c mice (average weight 20.7 +/- 1.6 g) were divided into 4 treatment groups and fed a commercial diet (A), a commercial diet + induced colitis by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (B), Inonotus obliquus (IO) administration (C), and IO administration + induced colitis by DSS (D). IO treatment (C, D) decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and signal trans...

This study aimed to identify what impact the thickness differences between the leftside and rightside transversus abdominis (TrA), internal obliquus (IO) and external obliquus (EO) have on balance ability in the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) and resting postures. [Subjects and Methods] In this study, 41 young adults were asked to adopt a resting posture and to perform ADIM. The thickness...

[Purpose] To investigate the effectiveness of three different neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) protocols for the deep lumbar stabilizing muscles of patients with lumbar degenerative kyphosis (LDK). [Subjects and Methods] Twenty patients with LDK were recruited. Three stimulation protocols were investigated: stimulation of the abdominal muscles (protocol A); stimulation of the lumbar ...

Objectives: To analyze the electrical activity of the vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis longus (VLL) and vastus lateralis obliquus (VLO) muscles of individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) during maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of lower leg extension with the knee at 30°; to assess pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS); and to assess patellar positio...

In this study, a novel 96-well microplate swivel system (M96SS) was built for high-throughput screening of microalgal strains for CO2 fixation. Cell growth under different CO2 supply conditions (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 g L −1 d −1 ), residual nitrate, and pH value of Chlorella sp. SJTU-3, Chlorella pyrenoidosa SJTU-2, and Scenedesmus obliquus SJTU-3 were examined in the M96SS and traditional fla...

Despite the acknowledged importance of the locomotory and respiratory functions associated with hypaxial musculature in salamanders, variation in gross morphology of this musculature has not been documented or evaluated within a phylogenetic or ecological context. In this study, we characterize and quantify the morphological variation of lateral hypaxial muscles using phylogenetically and ecolo...

We studied the habitat choice of juvenile and adult Daphnia pulicaria in thermally stratified water columns (plankton towers) with a deep water algal maximum (DCM). The DCM consisted of either filamentous cyanobacteria (Planktothrix agardhii), non-filamentous Chlorophyceae (Scenedesmus obliquus) or a mixture of both. Adult D. pulicaria spent more time at colder temperatures in the presence of P...