issue of the stimulation of charge-pump phase-locked loops for built-in self-test applications. It is shown that three nodes of the PLL qualify for test signal injection. The hardware and methodology for each are discussed. In particular, a comprehensive explanation of the use of delta-sigma modulation in the time domain is provided. Furthermore, implementation issues of analog tests with signa...

Due to the growing demand for higher bandwidth, employing optical devices instead of electronic devices in data transmission systems has attracted much attention in recent years. Optical switches, modulators and wavelength converters are a few examples of the required optical devices. CMOS compatible fabrication of these devices, leads to much more growing of this technology. Optical pulse comp...

We report a novel application of self-injection locking. A diode laser is injection locked to its own frequency-shifted emission. By resonant phase modulation of the fed-back light, the laser's emission frequency is shown to swing periodically through the locking range. The laser operates as a sweep generator driven by resonant self-injection locking.

Airy beams are an intriguing type of non-diffraction wave packet that can exist in one-dimensional (1D) curved orbital plane systems. These have gained significant attention due to their unique properties, including non-diffraction, self-healing, and self-bending. In this study, we propose a method for generating high-efficiency wideband microwave sections with reflective geometry, which is cha...

in this paper first we try to analysis the behavior ofthe soas in the optical networks and then have proposed anumerical simple model to simulate the behavior of thesemiconductor optical amplifiers. after that by employing thismodel as inline amplifier for a dwdm optical system, we havesimulated the transmission of 10 channels with bit rate 10 gb/sup to distance 3970 km with rz-dpsk modulation ...

We observe experimentally optical azimuthons, a generic class of ring-shaped localised spiralling beams with azimuthal modulation, carrying phase dislocation in self-focusing nonlinear media. We observe three- and four-lobe azimuthons in 87Rb vapours and demonstrate their anomalous rotation controlled by the input phase distribution.

It is demonstrated that the performance of the self-modulated proton driver plasma wakefield accelerator is strongly affected by the reduced phase velocity of the plasma wave. Using analytical theory and particle-in-cell simulations, we show that the reduction is largest during the linear stage of self-modulation. As the instability nonlinearly saturates, the phase velocity approaches that of t...

Common-mode voltage (CMV) generated by the inverter causes motor bearing failures in multiphase drives.On the other hand, presence of undesired z-component currents in six-phase induction machine (SPIM) leads to extra current losses and have to be considered in pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques. In this paper, it is shown that the presence of z-component currents and CMV in six phase driv...

This paper seeks to find optical soliton solutions for Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel (LPD) model with the parabolic law of nonlinearity. The spatiotemporal dispersion is included model, as it can contribute handling problem internet bottleneck. study was performed analytically using traveling wave hypothesis reduce an integrable form. Then, resulting equation handled two approaches, namely, auxil...

This article studies highly dispersive optical solitons without of self-phase modulation effect. The numerical algorithm implemented in this work is Laplace-Adomian decomposition method. Both bright and dark are addressed. error measure for the adopted scheme impressively low.