Managers are responsible for providing financial statements and they might try to make a good picture of their firm's conditions. Therefore, they try to delay the disclosure of bad news and release the good news as soon as possible. The ten-dency of managers toward hiding bad news increases the stock price crash risk. The protection of investor is one of the factors that can prevent from fallin...

the process of economic globalization and integration has had a tremendous growth in recent years and the convergence of various economic sectors, including the financial markets is increasingly in the spotlight. this increasing trend has strengthened investors' interests in the subject of convergence among the world's stock markets and investors experimentally show a passion for unde...

the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between dividend policy with stock liquidity and information asymmetry considering the characteristics of the company as controlling variables in tehran stock exchange. for this purpose, all listed companies in tehran stock exchange as the statistical population was considered during the period 2009 to 2014, that after screening by simple...

the purpose of this research is to study the effects of board of director structure on financing constraints for the companies listed on tehran stock exchange (tse). for this purpose, indigenised kaplan and zingales (kz) index  has been used as a proxy for financing constraints. the population consists of 56 companies of tse spanning 2007-2013 and the multivariate logistic regression is used. t...

Due to the sublimation and perfection of human knowledge in economics, the concept of efficiency developed in the past two decades and the measurement of it, based on different theories and practice. In economics, efficiency means the maximum of possible output from a certain amount of input. The efficiency is very important for developing countries Because these countries face to a shortage of...

one of the basic assumptions of management accounting illustrate that costschanges has a significance relationship with increasing and decreasing in the levelof activity, recently after being raised of sticky costs issue by anderson and hiscolleagues this assumption was discussed. it means increases in costs by increasingthe more activity level of reduction in costs is exchange for the reductio...