In 2020, Croatia was struck by two catastrophic earthquakes, resulting in more than 50,000 damaged structures. The majority of these are masonry buildings, but there a number reinforced concrete structures that suffered moderate to extensive damage. this paper, the seismic condition assessment and upgrading existing RC presented with case study building Zagreb. procedure includes initial visual...

The concepts of structural assessment and retrofit historical constructions are particular complexity require advanced knowledge in material science, conservation techniques analysis. In particular, adobe constructions, given their low mechanical properties brittle failure modes, immense need comprehensive retrofitting plans. current work focuses on the Church Kuñotambo Peru, having experienced...

This article reports on the implementation of published guidelines for retrofitting tractors with safe access platforms, which were developed to reduce the risk of serious injuries and deaths associated with mounting and dismounting. Farmer interviews and engineering-based inspections of ten retrofitted tractors were conducted to gather information regarding benefits and disadvantages of the re...

iran is located in an area with high earthquake risk. there are over 20 active faults with length of 500 km and also densely populated parts of the country have been rendered vulnerable to strong earthquakes. however, existence of eight faults of the main faults of iran along with at least 18 faults with length of more than 100 km in kerman province have turned the place into one of the riskies...

despite the rapid growth of engineering science especially in the modern structural engineering and application of new materials in civil engineering, a significant percentage of world population in different countries are living in adobe buildings made from mud-bricks. in this paper, by performing experimental study on scaled mud-brick walls under monotonic load, in-plane behavior of the walls...

The recent Mw 6.3 destructive L’Aquila earthquake has further stimulated the improvement of the Italian operational earthquake forecasting capability at different time intervals. Here, we describe a medium-term (10-year) forecast model for Mw ≥5:5 earthquakes in Italy that aims at opening new possibilities for risk mitigation purposes. While a longer forecast yielded by the national seismic-haz...

One of a feasible and efficient method to retrofit structures is spraying shotcrete which is widely applied around the world. Shotcrete is concrete with fine aggregates which are sprayed through a hose and by air pressure coat at high velocity onto a surface. In the current research, three masonry schools from different regions of Iran are selected. The retrofitted wall surfaces have been prepa...

The lining structure of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) excavated tunnels is composed of series of precast Reinforced Concrete (RC) pieces which are called segment. At the present paper, a novel method is introduced for seismic retrofitting of segmental tunnels located at active fault zones in rock environment with case study of Amirkabir dam to Tehran water transfer tunnel (Karadj tunnel). The mai...

Abstract Nowadays, retrofitting-damaged buildings is an important challenge for engineers. Finding the optimal placement of Viscous Dampers (VDs) between adjacent structures prone to earthquake-induced pounding can help designers implement VDs with optimizing cost construction and achieving higher performance levels both structures. In this research, linear nonlinear 3-story, 5-story, 9-story S...