In the 10 years since its first report to infect tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in 1999 (19), Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV), a Potexvirus sp., has become an important virus infecting greenhouse tomato plants in Europe (2,5,6,13–16), North America (3,10,12), South America (8,18), and Asia (20). Although commercial tomato seed has long been suspected to be a source of initial virus inoculum, earl...

Animal-mediated seed dispersal is important for sustaining biological diversity in forest ecosystems, particularly in the tropics. Forest fragmentation, hunting, and selective logging modify forests in myriad ways and their effects on animal-mediated seed dispersal have been examined in many case studies. However, the overall effects of different types of human disturbance on animal-mediated se...

Some biochemical activities in embryo or seedling of germinating rice (Oryza Sativa L.) seed were studied to explain the effects of suboptimum (20 C), optimum (30 C), and supraoptimum (40 C) temperatures on seed germination and seedling growth. It was observed that 40 C slightly speeded up seed germination but severely inhibited the growth of young seedlings, 30 C delayed germination compared t...

Desert seed-harvester ants, genus Pogonomyrmex, are central place foragers that search for resources collectively. We quantify how seed harvesters exploit the spatial distribution of seeds to improve their rate of seed collection. We find that foraging rates are significantly influenced by the clumpiness of experimental seed baits. Colonies collected seeds from larger piles faster than randomly...

Since seed reserves can influence seed germination, the quantitative and qualitative differences in seed reserves may relate to the germination characteristics of species. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the correlation between germination and seed reserves, as well as their mobilization during germination of six grassland species (Chloris virgata, Kochia scoparia, Lespedeza hedysaroid...

This paper presents a viability assessment method for Pisum sativum L. seeds based on the infrared thermography technique. In this work, different artificial treatments were conducted to prepare seeds samples with different viability. Thermal images and visible images were recorded every five minutes during the standard five day germination test. After the test, the root length of each sample w...

The composition of the translocates reaching the seeds of pea plants having various nitrogen (N) nutrition regimes was investigated under field situations. Sucrose flow in the phloem sap increased with the node number, but was not significantly different between N nutrition levels. Because N deficiency reduced the number of flowering nodes and the number of seeds per pod, the sucrose flow bleed...

PURPOSE The low dose rate brachytherapy procedure would benefit from an intraoperative postimplant dosimetry verification technique to identify possible suboptimal dose coverage and suggest a potential reimplantation. The main objective of this project is to develop an efficient, operator-free, intraoperative seed detection technique using the imaging modalities available in a low dose rate bra...

in order to study the effect of different redroot pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus) density on yield, yield components of soybean cultivar and determining competitive cultivar, a field experiment was carried out at mazandaran agricultural research station 2006. experiment was set up at a randomized complete block design with five rates of pigweed (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16 plant per square meter) and t...