During the initial stages of copper electrodeposition onto a thin seed layer, a nonuniform potential distribution arises, resulting in local variations in growth rate and deposit morphology. Early stages of morphology evolution during copper electrodeposition are of practical importance but have not been well studied. Here, a new multiscale approach is developed for numerical simulation of the ...

Embryogenesis in flowering plants is controlled by a complex interplay of genetic, biochemical, and physiological regulators. LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) is among a small number of key transcriptional regulators that are known to play important roles in controlling major events during the maturation stage of embryogenesis, notably, the synthesis and accumulation of storage reserves. LEC2 overexpres...

Illegal cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation is still a social problem worldwide. Fifty inquiries on cannabis that Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources (Tsukuba Division) received between January 1, 2000 and March 31, 2009 were itemized in to 8 categories; 1: seed identification, 2: plant identification, 3: indoor cultivation, 4: outdoor cultivation, 5: germination and growth char...

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies indicate, surprisingly, that Gnetales are related to conifers, or even derived from them, and that no other extant seed plants are closely related to angiosperms. Are these results believable? Is this a clash between molecules and morphology?

During the taxonomic revision of the Turkish Dianthus species, specimens collected from Bilecik, Seben (Bolu), and Nallıhan (Ankara) were discovered that represent a new species. Its description, images, chorology, ecology, and threat category are provided. It was compared with a closely related species, Dianthuszonatus, and differences are based on its general morphology and seed micromorphology.

Kutaja bija, Kudasappalai or Inderjou is an important seed drug in Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani Medicines. The market sample of Madras Crude drug trade has been identified in our laboratory as the seeds of Holarrhena - anti - dysenterica wall of the family Apocynaceae. The morphology, anatomy, fluorescence analysis and chemical studies of the drugs are reported.

A new class of gold nanostructures, concave nanocubes, enclosed by 24 high-index {720} facets, have been prepared in a monodisperse fashion by a modified seed-mediated synthetic method. The Cl(-) counterion in the surfactant plays an essential role in controlling the concave morphology of the final product. The concave nanocubes exhibit higher chemical activities compared with low-index {111}-f...

An experiment was carried out to know the effect of shoot clipping on floral morphology and seed yield in two Indigofera spp. viz. I. tinctoria L. and I. suffruticosa Mill. All parts of shoot including the main stem were clipped at 60 cm height from the base at 120 days after sowing (DAS). At 120 DAS, I. tinctoria already exhibited 1 flowering while I. suffruticosa showed no flowering. Shoot cl...

The evolution of the seed represents a remarkable life-history transition for photosynthetic organisms. Here, we review the recent literature and historical understanding of how and why seeds evolved. Answering the ‘how’ question involves a detailed understanding of the developmental morphology and anatomy of seeds, as well as the genetic programs that determine seed size. We complement this wi...

Background: In general, high-quality seed is the prerequisite of an efficient bioprocess. However, in terms of sodium gluconate production by Aspergillus niger, reports have seldom focused on seed culture with rational optimization by process analysis technology, especially for carbon source effects. In this study, based on the online physiological parameter of oxygen uptake rate (OUR), and int...