Self-organization in the sense used in natural sciences means the spontaneous creation of patterns in space and/or time in dissipative systems consisting of many individual components. Central in this context is the notion of emergence meaning the spontaneous creation of structures or functions that are not directly explainable from the interactions between the constituents of the system. This ...

The present study aimed at elucidating the structure of Inocybe subg. Inosperma sect. Rimosae but included also representatives from subg. Mallocybe and the genus Auritella. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using ITS, LSU and mtSSU sequence data. The analyses recovered the ingroup as a monophyletic, strongly supported clade. The results indicate that recognizing Auritella on the genus l...

In the Semantic Web Service Challenge (SWSC), several international groups analyze how semantic web techniques can help to overcome interoperability issues of existing system [5] on the basis of concrete scenarios and with discussion and comparison of approaches and solutions [9]. Our group, representing the Center of Innovation on Service Centered Continuous Engineering (SCCE), addresses this ...

This article describes abductions as special patterns of inference to the best explanation whose structure determines a particularly promising abductive conjecture (conclusion) and thus serves as an abductive search strategy (Sect. 1). A classification of different patterns of abduction is provided which intends to be as complete as possible (Sect. 2). An important distinction is that between s...

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization has been proved to be valuable in many fields of data mining, especially in unsupervised learning. In this paper, we will briefly review its variations and applications in image processing, data clustering, semi-supervised clustering, bi-clustering (co-clustering) and financial data mining. Note that we cannot cover all the interesting works on NMF, but generall...

Juncus quartinianus (Juncaceae sect. Ozophyllum) was described by Richard in 1851 from Ethiopia. Some authors have treated this species as a synonym of J. fontanesii and others as a synonym of J. oxycarpus. Based on morphological analyses of flowers, fruit and seeds, we propose to restore J. quartinianus as a distinct species from both these taxa. Its detailed re-description and an identificati...

of irreducible complex projective plane curves of degree n with d nodes and no other singularities. The problem is discussed in classical literature, as well as in [1, Sect. 1], [2, p. 219], [3, Sect. 2], etc. The naive compactification of Vn,d , namely V n,d ⊂ P N , has very complicated singularities. In particular, V n,d is not unibranch. One can construct a unibranch compactification as foll...

The occurrence of Alyssum desertorum, a species belonging to A. sect. Alyssum, is reported for the fi rst time in Italy. It was found in Abruzzo (central Italy) in the territory of National Park of Gran Sasso and Laga mountains and surrounding areas. Morphological similarities with the other taxa recorded in Italy belonging to A. sect. Alyssum are briefl y discussed. Information about the typif...

Viruses that infect the central nervous system may cause acute, chronic, or latent infections. In some cases, the diseases manifested are attributable to viral damage of neurons or supporting parenchymal tissues; in other cases, to immune attack on virally infected cells. They can be spread by excretion, by respiratory droplets or fomites, or, alternatively, by bites of insects or animals. Thes...