Marine snow aggregates are heavily colonized by heterotrophic microorganisms that express high levels of hydrolytic activities, making aggregates hotspots for carbon remineralization in the ocean. To assess how aggregate formation influences the ability of seawater microbial communities to access organic carbon, we compared hydrolysis rates of six polysaccharides in coastal seawater after aggre...

seasonal variations of the seawater properties (e.g. temperature, salinity, density and chlorophyll-a) in western part of the southern coastal waters of the caspian sea near the iranian coast were studied. a portable ctd probe was applied for profiling from sea surface to bottom at 23 stations. maximum depth of the profiling stations was more than 470 m in the study area. vertical structure of ...

The distribution of the rare earths and yttrium (REY) in co-existing hydrous Mn oxides and Fe oxides that form marine hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts is used to better describe the partitioning and fractionation of the REY between these (hydr)oxides and seawater in the natural marine system. Four fractions (easily exchangeable, Mn-oxide-bound, Fe-oxidebound, and insoluble-residue-bound REY) ...

1036 10 MARCH 2017 • VOL 355 ISSUE 6329 and Bachan developed a model of seawater chemistry and pH over time scales exceeding ~100 million years. Their highly robust probabilistic history of seawater pH and chemistry reflects evolving properties of Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and crust. Seawater pH increased from early Archean values of ~6.5 to 7.0 to more recent values of ~7.5 to 9.0 mostly as ...

Sporadic mass mortality events of Mediterranean sponges following periods of anomalously high temperatures or longer than usual stratification of the seawater column (i.e. low food availability) suggest that these animals are sensitive to environmental stresses. The Mediterranean sponges Ircinia fasciculata and I. oros harbor distinct, species-specific bacterial communities that are highly stab...

The apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells is important in seawater aspiration‑induced acute lung injury (ALI). The present study aimed to investigate whether epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is able to suppress apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells in seawater aspiration‑induced ALI in vivo and in vitro, and the possible mechanisms underlying it. The results indicated that seawater aspiratio...

Osmolality and circulating levels of estradiol-17P, thyroxine, androgens, progesterone, and sodium are measured concomitantly with determination of oocyte maturation in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during the spawning season. Male and female salmon are held in both fresh water (their natural environment) and seawater (an unnatural environment) throughout the season. During the early stage...