[1] Bed load sediment particles supplied to channels by hillslopes are reduced in size by abrasion during downstream transport. The branching structure of the channel network creates a distribution of downstream travel distances to a given reach of river and thus may strongly influence the grain size distribution of the long-term bed load flux through that reach. Here we investigate this hypoth...

Using a combination of seismic oceanographic and physical oceanographic data acquired across the FaroeShetland Channel we present evidence of a turbidity layer that transports suspended sediment along the western boundary of the Channel. We focus on reflections observed on seismic data close to the sea-bed on the Faroese side of the Channel below 900 m. Forward modelling based on independent ph...

Monitoring of marine ecosystems is essential to identify the parameters that determine their condition. The data derived from the sensors used to monitor them are a fundamental source for the development of mathematical models with which to predict the behaviour of conditions of the water, the sea bed and the living creatures inhabiting it. This paper is intended to explain and illustrate a des...

Most of the research on model-based geoacoustic inversion techniques has concentrated on data collected using moored vertical receiver arrays. However, there are many advantages to considering geoacoustic inversion using a towed horizontal array. Towed arrays are easily deployed from a moving platform; this mobility makes them well suited for surveying large areas for sea-bed properties. Furthe...

In the past decade, theoretical ecologists have emphasized that local interactions between predators and prey may invoke emergent spatial patterning at larger spatial scales. However, empirical evidence for the occurrence of emergent spatial patterning is scarce, which questions the relevance of the proposed mechanisms to ecological theory. We report on regular spatial patterns in young mussel ...

Increasing evidence shows that spatial interactions between sedentary organisms can structure communities and promote landscape complexity in many ecosystems. Here we tested the hypothesis that reef-forming mussels (Mytilus edulis L.), a dominant intertidal ecosystem engineer in the Wadden Sea, promote abundances of the burrowing bivalve Cerastoderma edule L. (cockle) in neighboring habitats at...

Ecological thresholds are manifested as a sudden shift in state of community composition. Recent reviews emphasize the distinction between thresholds due to phase shifts-a shift in the location of an equilibrium-and those due to alternative states-a switch between two equilibria. Here, we consider the boundary of intertidal mussel beds as an ecological threshold and demonstrate that both types ...

component Ion Exchange in Fixed Bed Operated under Equilibirum Conditions,” Sea Water Conversion Laboratory Report No. 6 8 3 , ‘Part I, Univ. Calif., Berkeley (July, 1965). , “Multicomponent Ion Exchange in Fixed Beds-Genera1 Properties of Equilibrium Systems,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamentals, 6, No. 3, 339 ( 1967). Sillen, L. G., “On Filtration Through a Sorbent Layer,” Arkio. Kemi, 2, No. 3,447 ...

The tidal areas of the oceans are important transition zones between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In contrast to the non-marine surface of the earth, access to the tidal lands such as the Wadden Sea along the North Sea coast is often difficult. For this reason, remote sensing offers important monitoring tools. In this study, a new change detection approach is presented, adapted to the Wad...