Scientific name: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii (Roumagnac et al., 2004a,b). Synonyms: Xanthomonas campestris pv. allii (Kadota et al., 2000). Taxonomic position: Proteobacteria: Gammapropteobacteria: Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonasdaceae. Common names: Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. allii is the causal agent of onion bacterial blight (syn. Xanthomonas leaf blight of onion). EPPO code: XANTAA. Phyto...

Globalization and the world wide web has resulted in academia and science being an international and multicultural community forged by researchers and scientists with different ethnicities. How ethnicity shapes the evolution of membership, status and interactions of the scientific community, however, is not well understood. This is due to the difficulty of ethnicity identification at the large ...

This article analyzes the discovery of Chagas disease and the parasite that causes it (Trypanosoma cruzi) by Carlos Chagas in 1908/1909, with a special focus on the scientific and social context in which this occurred. Its inclusion in the international debate on European tropical medicine--especially with researchers from the German school of protozoology--and its connection with discussions o...

An author name was incorrectly spelled as **Huiyou Guan**. The correct spelling is **Youhui Guang**. authors apologize for this error and state that does not change the scientific conclusions of article in any way. original has been updated.

Under the rules for the naming of fungi with pleomorphic life-cycles adopted in July 2011, the nomenclaturally correct name for the fungus causing the current ash dieback in Europe is determined to be Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, with the basionym Chalara fraxinea, and Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus as a taxonomic synonym of H. fraxineus.

objective: today, medicinal plants are widely used in remedies for several ailments and improvement of human health because of their pharmaceutical properties. this study aimed to document important useful medicinal plants and their medicinal characteristics for treatment of human ailments in the arjan _ parishan protected area in fars province of iran during 2010-2012. materials and methods: d...

Brazilian physician and researcher Henrique da Rocha Lima was born in 1879 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, where he studied medicine and obtained the degree of M.D. in 1901. He specialized in Clinical Medicine in Germany and was the ambassador in European countries of the scientific medicine that emerged from the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in the early twentieth century. Rocha Lima has discovered th...

At the heart of many scientific applications is the solution of algebraic systems, such as linear systems of equations, eigenvalue problems, and optimization problems, to name a few. TOPS, which stands for Towards Optimal Petascale Simulations, is a SciDAC applied math center focused on the development of solvers for tackling these algebraic systems, as well as the deployment of such technologi...

This review article summarizes the scientific literature that is currently available about a probiotic E. coli that is known under the name Symbioflor E. coli. The probiotic is marketed for human use and has been subjected to over 20 years of scientific research. As is presented here, the available literature not only contains multiple works to investigate and analyse the probiotic activity of ...

Since facts or statements in a hedge or negated context typically appear as false positives, the proper handling of these language phenomena is of great importance in biomedical text mining. In this paper we demonstrate the importance of hedge classification experimentally in two real life scenarios, namely the ICD9-CM coding of radiology reports and gene name Entity Extraction from scientific ...