It is generally believed that a well-designed Conceptual Schema will remain stable over time. However, current literature rarely addresses how such stability should be observed and measured in the operational business environment with evolving information needs and database structures. This paper sets up a framework for stability of conceptual schemas and proceeds to develop a set of metrics fr...

this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy in the treatment of social anxiety disorder. method: the research method was a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines. five clients were selected by purposive sampling method. they were received 20 individual sessions based on young's schema therapy model. the social phobia inventory (spin), liebowitz social anxi...

abstract: this study was aimed to investigate relationship between child rearing styles and young’s early maladaptive schemas(emss).the child rearing questionnaire and young’s schema questionnaire ( short form) was administered to a sample of 150 students in college. multiple regression analysis revealed that child rearing styles predicted some of emss. results indicated that authoritative styl...

Schemas are a key concept in strategy and organization theory. While much is known about the value of schemas and their use and structure, direct examination of how new schemas emerge are lacking. Our study of the life insurance industry’s development of the business computer schema from 1945-1975 addresses this gap. We find that schema emergence involves three key processes: (1) assimilation i...

Semistructured data is becoming increasingly important for web applications with the development of XML and related technologies. Designing a “good” semistructured database is crucial to prevent data redundancy, inconsistency and undesirable updating anomalies. However, unlike relational databases, there is no normalization theory to facilitate the design of good semistructured databases. In th...

Fuzzy theory is suitable to capture and analyze the informal requirements that are imprecise in nature, meanwhile, XML is emerging as one of the dominant data formats for data processing on the internet. In this paper, we have developed a fuzzy object-oriented modeling technique (FOOM) schema based on XML to model requirements specifications and incorporated the notion of stereotype to facilita...

Database schema design is seen as to decide on formats for time-varying instances, on rules for supporting inferences and on semantic constraints. Schema design aims at both faithful formalization of the application and optimization at design time. It is guided by four heuristics: Separation of Aspects, Separation of Specializations, Infer-ential Completeness and Unique Flavor. A theory of sche...

A question of central importance for researchers and practitioners is whether Information Technology (IT) can help build a competitive advantage in constantly changing environments. One characteristic of a firm’s IT infrastructure in particular, flexibility, has been posited as being a critical enabler in attaining competitive performance gains. Yet, despite this suggestion, there is scarce emp...

ions of percepts (Bartlett, 1932). Schmidt introduced this concept from cognitive psychology into the field of learning. Because of the importance of this concept in this theory, it is named ’schema theory’.

The main aim of the present paper is to outline a theoretical framework of instruction based on the elements of two major approaches of cognitivism and constructivism. To begin with, the paper introduces the notion of instructional design and discusses the importance of psychology of learning and instruction in designing instructional models. Further, the paper identifies the prototypical schem...