Atmospheric scattering plays a crucial rule in degrading the performance of electrooptical imaging systems operating in the visible and infra-red spectral bands, and hence limits the quality of the acquired images, either through reduction of contrast or increase of image blur. The exact nature of light scattering by atmospheric media is highly complex and depends on the types, orientations, si...

ABSTRACTBackground: as fluoroscopy or different angiographies are usually evaluated using TL dosimeter. Thismethod is a time-consuming procedure therefore, radiologists are usually worried and unawareof their exact radiation dose received during each fluoroscopy or angiography. In this study, anew trend for quick estimation of effective dose based on measuring air-absorbed dose of thescattered ...

At present the problems of the radiation transfer theory in the cloudy atmosphere have not been completely developed. However, a series of problems is available, which can be solved only as a result of complex experimental measurements of spectral, radiation, thermodynamic, microphysical, and other characteristics of cloudiness. In particular, cloudiness is During the experiments carried out in...

X-ray diffraction provides one of the most important tools for examining the three-dimensional (3D) structure of biological macromolecules. The physics of diffraction requires that in order to resolve features of atomic structure it is necessary to employ radiation with a wavelength of the order of atomic spacing or smaller. Xrays have suitable wavelength, and interact with the electrons of the...

PURPOSE Radiation induces apoptosis as a result of damage to cellular DNA and RNA. The aim of our work was to study the effect of radiation on rat bone marrow cells (as a neighboring tissue) in the context of a model of experimental radiation enteritis in rats. The effect of systematic administration in irradiated animals of r-IGF-1 and GH was also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar type, ...

We report on a novel diagnostics instrument for in-situ imaging and measurements of X-ray beam parameters in real-time. The instrument is based on the robust and simple idea of a pinhole camera that collects the weakly scattered radiation from a thin sheet of a low-Z material placed in the X-ray beam at an acute angle. We demonstrate how by recording the scattered radiation with an appropriate ...

A three dimensional vector finite element method (FEM) has been used to model the permittivity of rice using the scattered far field radiation. Scattering of incident plane wave radiation is analysed to extract the permittivity of granular material. Some reduced parameters obtained from the scattered electric field show a very good correlation with the permittivity of materials (both dielectric...

Josephson plasma waves are scattered by the Josephson vortex lattice. This scattering results in a strong dependence, on the in-plane magnetic-field Hab, of the reflection and transmission of THz radiation propagating in layered superconductors. In particular, a tunable band-gap structure (THz photonic crystal) occurs in such a medium. These effects can be used, by varying Hab, for the selectiv...

Effects of three-body scattering on reflectivity signatures at S and C bands can be seen on the back side of large reflectivity storm cores that contain hail. The fingerlike protrusions of elevated reflectivity have been termed flare echoes or ‘‘hail spikes.’’ Three-body scattering occurs when radiation from the radar scattered toward the ground is scattered back to hydrometeors, which then sca...