Some dosimeters require a relationship between detector signal and delivered dose. The relationship (characteristic curve or calibration equation) usually depends on the environment under which the dosimeters are manufactured or stored. To compensate for the difference in radiation response among different batches of dosimeters, the measured dose can be scaled by normalizing the measured dose t...

Organismal metabolic rate, a fundamental metric in biology, demonstrates an allometric scaling relationship with body size. Fractal-like vascular distribution networks of biological systems are proposed to underlie metabolic rate allometric scaling laws from individual organisms to cells, mitochondria, and enzymes. Tissue-specific metabolic scaling is notably absent from this paradigm. In the c...

| A convex upper bound of the mixed structured singular value is analyzed. The upper bound is based on a multiplier method. It is simple, it can exploit low-rank properties and it is shown to be less conservative than the well-known (D; G)-scaling. A direct relationship with (D; G)-scaling is given. The upper bound can be modiied to one that is continuous with an explicit Lipschitz constant. Ke...

primary immune thrombocytopenia is an acquired bleeding disorder with no clinically apparent cause of thrombocytopenia. clinical indicators of itp include easy bruising of the skin, prolonged bleeding on injury, mucocutaneous lesions such as petechiae and ecchymosis, epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, hematuria and bleeding from the gums. it is important for a dentist to be aware of the clin...

background & aims of the study: corrosion and scaling play undesirable effects on transmission and distribution system of drinking water. the aim of this study was to assess the corrosion and scaling potential of drinking water resources in babol city. materials and methods: totally, 54 water samples were collected from 27 wells in spring and autumn. calciu m hardness, ph, total alkalinity, tot...

oriental hybrid lily “arabian red” mother scales were stored in moist cocopeat and perlite (1:1) for 3 or 5 months at 25 ̊c. the numbers of scale bulblets per mother scale were nearly identical in two durations. increasing storage duration promoted the growth of roots (number and length) and no. scales per scale bulblets. and, diameters of scale bulblets were more in longer storage duration (5 m...

background: in helical tomotherapy (ht), the scaling factor (sf) is the time in seconds that each leaf viewing a target would need to be open to deliver the prescribed dose. the sf is patient-specific and is used to calculate the rotational period of the gantry, and the total treatment time (ttt) of the ht. the sf is generally difficult to estimate. currently, it takes about one hour to fully o...

We survey scaling arguments, both asymptotic (involving regular variation) and exact (involving self-similarity), in various areas of mathematical analysis and mathematical physics. 1. Scaling and Fechner’s law There is a sizeable body of theory to the effect that, where two related physically meaningful functions f and g have no natural scale in which to measure their units, and are reasonably...

Some scaling properties for classical light ray dynamics inside a periodically corrugated waveguide are studied by use of a simplified two-dimensional nonlinear area-preserving map. It is shown that the phase space is mixed. The chaotic sea is characterized using scaling arguments revealing critical exponents connected by an analytic relationship. The formalism is widely applicable to systems w...

In several recent article, Heusner used dimensional reasoning to derive important biological conclusions regarding the scaling of metabolism with body mass [Respir. Physiol. 48: 13-25, 1982; J. Appl. Physiol. 54: 867-873, 1983; Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 15): R839-R845, 1984]. We demonstrate errors in the derivation and show that dimensional analysis, correctly a...