this study investigates the efficacy of assertive training, that is a kind of multi component behavioral procedures, and it's combination with cognitive restructuring (systematic rational restructuring) on the socially anxious girls of 12-14 yrs. for this study 21 socially anxious subjects were matched by age, sex, education and economic background. first, they were evaluated by a number o...

The purpose of this study was to explore the role that perceived childhood attachment, family functioning and attribution styles have in social anxiety of high school students. 430 Iranian students were selected by multistage cluster sampling from high schools of Isfahan city. Participants completed measures of childhood attachment to each parent (Hazen and Shaver, 1986), the family adaptabilit...

Issues related to the scale of ecological phenomena are of fundamental importance to their study. The causes and consequences of environmental change can, of course, be measured at different levels and along multiple scales. While the natural sciences have long understood the importance of scale, research regarding scale in the social sciences has been less explicit, less precise, and more vari...

the purpose of research was identifying the relationship between social capital and performance of agricultural extension experts, khouzestan province, iran. the method of research was a descriptive-correlative. the sample size was agricultural extension experts (n=98). a five-point likert-type scale was used as instrument to gather data in order to measure the social capital. data were analyze...

 Background: Social health is considered as a significant dimension of health and, hence, its assessment is vital in health planning. Within this context, this study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring individual’s social health in Iran. To do so, an exploratory sequential mixed method was used. Methods: To establish the item pool and primary scale, 30 interviews with expe...

The Two-Dimensional Social Interaction Scale (2DSIS) is a newly developed 20-item observer rating scale to assess four distinct categories of social interaction: active participate; active non-participate; passive participate; and passive non-participate. The scale was submitted to a validation procedure based on video recording of 59 dyadic social interactions between a confederate enacting on...