This paper presents an integrated framework for exploratory multi-scale spatio-temporal feature extraction and clustering of spatio-temporal data. The framework combines the multi-scale spatio-temporal decomposition, feature identification, feature enhancing and clustering in a unified process. The original data are firstly reorganized as multi-signal time series, and then decomposed by the mul...

The presence of rain in the sub-satellite track can significantly degrade altimeter measurements by causing an attenuation of the backscattered signal, a change in its path length through the atmosphere and a change in the mean square slope of the sea surface. This can cause errors, not only in the measurement of the satellite altitude, but also in the determination of wind speed and wave heigh...

All the satellite altimeters use pulse-limited-geometry and full-deramp technique to measure the power backscatter by the ocean surface as a function of time, i.e. the altimeter pulse echo waveform, see for example [1] for explanation on pulse limited altimeters). Assuming that the distribution of the sea surface roughness and elevation are homogeneous over the altimeter footprint, the backscat...

Purpose This paper aims to report the first iteration on Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) Engineering Model altimeter named HELENA. HELENA is a Time of Flight (TOF) that provides time-tagged distances velocity measurements. The LIDAR can be used for support near asteroid navigation scientific information. design comprises two types technologies: microchip laser low noise sensor. synergies be...

In the past year, our team has developed an alternative concept for a high-performance Laser Altimeter for Planetary Exploration (LAPE) for a Mercury mission with parameters similar to the BepiColombo Mercury Planetary Orbiter mission. The instrument must be capable to operate in a harsh thermal environment. Its mass is required to be less than 10kg and the power consumption less than 20W. In o...

Change of globe surface height is an important factor to study human living environment. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on ICESat is the first laser-ranging instrument for continuous global observations of the Earth. In order to have a comprehensive understanding of full-waveform laser altimeter, this study simulated the operating mode of ICESat and modeled different terrains’ (pl...

A new operational ocean analysis system (system 3 or S3) has been implemented at ECMWF. It consists of two analysis streams: (i) a historical reanalysis from 01/01/1959 which is continuosly maintained up to 11 days behind real time and is used to initialize seasonal forecasts, and (ii) an early delivery ocean analysis, produced daily in real time, used to initialize the monthly forecasts. The S...