AIMS To estimate the cost-effectiveness and resourcing implications of universal alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI) programmes in primary care in England. METHODS This was a health economic model, combining evidence of the effectiveness and health care resource requirements of SBI activities with existing epidemiological modelling of the relationship between alcohol consumption an...

Two serine proteases were identified in midgut of 4 instar of Spodoptera littoralis. A trypsin-like one (BApNAhydrolyzing) (TRYP) with a pH optimum at 11.0, and a chymotrypsin esterase-like enzyme (BTEE-hydrolyzing) (CHYMO) with optimum activity at pH 10.0. Serine protease activities were significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited in vitro by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBI). The incorporation of diffe...

Background Alcohol screening and brief interventions (SBI) have a history and good evidence of efficacy in primary care settings [1]. Efficacy evidence is variable across other settings and much is unknown including mechanisms of action, and optimal screening or implementation approaches [2,3]. Despite this, implementation outside of primary care has had much attention including in non-health s...

Viruses isolated from fish with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN), spring viraemia of carp (SVC), swim-bladder inflammation (SBI) and pike fry disease (PFD) have been grown to high titre in fathead minnow cells. While our preparations of the IHN, SVC, SBI and PFD viruses showed typical rhabdovirus morphology with bullet-shaped particles and distinct ...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes infections that may present high morbidity and mortality. Among its many virulence factors protein A (SpA) and Staphylococcal binding immunoglobulin protein (Sbi) bind the Fc portion of IgG interfering with opsonophagocytosis. We have previously demonstrated that SpA interacts with the TNF-α receptor (TNFR) 1 through each of the f...

AIMS To investigate the use and the obstacles to use of screening and brief interventions (SBI) for alcohol misuse among Norwegian general practitioners (GP). METHODS A questionnaire with 68 questions about the use and barriers to use of SBI in general practice was mailed to 2000 randomly selected Norwegian GPs. RESULTS The survey response rate was 45%. There was a much higher prevalence of...

We compared the effect of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) administration by continuous s.c. infusion (CSI) with that of a weekly bolus s.c. injection (SBI) in five malnourished predialysis anemic patients with diabetic nephropathy. rhEPO was either continuously infused at a flow rate of 6000 IU per week (36 IU/h) (CSI group) or injected s.c. at a dose of 6000 IU once a week (SBI group)...

Screening in primary care is widely recommended (e.g. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), and is increasingly targeted for improvement. As health care payers try to influence the implementation and delivery of alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI), some are using provider payment approaches. These include specific reimbursement...

OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic properties of quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) associated with clinically undetectable serious bacterial infection (SBI) in febrile children 1 to 36 months of age. METHODS Febrile children presenting to a pediatric emergency department (ED) with ages ranging from 1 to 36 months, temperatures > or =39 degrees C, and clinically undetectable source of f...

OBJECTIVES To review the evidence for diagnostic accuracy of screening for serious bacterial illness (SBI) and invasive herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in febrile infants 3 months or younger; ascertain harms and benefits of various management strategies; compare prevalence of SBI and HSV between different clinical settings; determine how well the presence of viral infection predicts agains...