The enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important part of cholinergic nervous system, where it stops neurotransmission by hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. It is sensitive to inhibition by organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, some Alzheimer disease drugs, secondary metabolites such as aflatoxins and nerve agents used in chemical warfare. When immobilized on a sensor ...

Arrays of conducting polymer composite vapor detectors have been evaluated for performance in the presence of the nerve agent simulants dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) and diisopropylmethylphosponate (DIMP). Limits of detection for DMMP on unoptimized carbon black/ organic polymer composite vapor detectors in laboratory air were estimated to be 0.047-0.24 mg m(-3). These values are lower than ...

This study compares the abilities of the newly developed bispyridinium oxime K203 with currently available oximes (HI-6, obidoxime, and trimedoxime) in the reactivation of sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and the reduction of the acute toxicity of sarin. The percentage of reactivation of sarin-inhibited rat blood and tissue acetylcholinesterase was determined in vivo and it was shown that t...

The objective of the present study was to develop a kinetics of pharmacodynamics model to properly describe and investigate the in vivo interaction between the selective adenosine A(1) agonist N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in blood and brain, and the AChE-inhibitor sarin (isopropylmethylphosphonofluoridate). The direct interaction of CPA (2 microM) on the inhibiti...

Forensic laboratories do not have the infrastructure to process or store contaminated DNA samples that have been recovered from a crime scene contaminated with chemical or biological warfare agents. Previous research has shown that DNA profiles can be recovered from blood exposed to several chemical warfare agents after the agent has been removed. The fate of four toxic agents, sulfur mustard, ...

The weapons of mass destruction, chemical, biological and nuclear warfare are the most brutal created by the humans. They kill and incapacitate not only the armed forces but also the innocent public, without any mercy. The Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits the production, storage and use of toxic chemicals during warfare. In fact, the use of “Any chemical which through its chemical action o...

We include in this review an assessment of the formation, environmental fate, and mammalian and ecotoxicity of CW agent degradation products relevant to environmental and occupational health. These parent CW agents include several vesicants: sulfur mustards [undistilled sulfur mustard (H), sulfur mustard (HD), and an HD/agent T mixture (HT)]; nitrogen mustards [ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN1...

at the present study, different properties of sarin with the formula [(ch3)2cho]ch3pof was studiedin gas phase. geometrical optimizations of sarin, single point calculation, nmr and electricalparameters were carried out in gas phase with the hartee -fock method coupled to 6-31g* basis setsfor all atoms. the results obtained from a comparison between tables and charts came up fordiscussion and a...

Current events across the globe necessitate rapid technological advances to combat the epidemic of nerve agent chemical weapons. Biocatalysis has emerged as a viable tool in the detoxification of organophosphorus neurotoxins, such as the chemical weapons VX and sarin. Efficient detoxification of contaminated equipment, machinery, and soils are of principal concern. This study describes the inco...