North-east Pacific juvenile salmon and forage fishes, including the endangered species Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho kisutch), chum keta), pink gorbuscha), fishes of herring (Clupea pallasi), surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus), sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus), utilize kelp environments. Many details forest ecosystem function for these are lacking. Kelp forests, salmon, declining prec...

Background: Sand production is an important factor affecting reservoir exploitation. Excessive sand production affects the oil well life, causes the damage to the oil recovery device and brings serious hidden danger in the process of safety production. Objective: This paper presents a sand content computation model for the crude oil, which uses the power of sand production and Parseval theorem,...

Understanding the spawning and rearing habitats of fishes is critical to effective fisheries management conservation. Longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys an imperiled migratory fish that believed spawn rear in varying salinities; however, optimal conditions for each stage remain unknown. Here, we examined effects variation salinity on egg fertilization, hatch success, larval growth survival. ...

Delta Smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus, is an endangered pelagic fish native to the San Francisco Estuary. The distribution of Smelt in estuary shifts landward from low-salinity habitat freshwater before spawning. This spawning migration often coincides with first substantial inflow during winter. To accomplish this shift distribution, are believed use tides by swimming faster-moving currents fl...

We examined cultured Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus under laboratory settings to provide the first formal characterization of spawning behavior, which included quantification participants and diel patterns. video recorded behavioral observation trials in four mature males ripe females interacted freely for 9–11 d. found that three behaviors were consistently associated with egg release: (...

Abstract Food availability is a key determinant of the nursery value given habitat for larval and juvenile fishes. Growth, survival, recruitment success are often inter-correlated influenced by prey associated feeding success. This likely true threatened population Longfin Smelt ( Spirinchus thaleichthys ) in San Francisco Estuary (SFE) which has collapsed recent decades along with its preferre...