A traditional sand filter for treatment of household wastewater was constructed in the fall of 2012 at Biolinja 12, Turku, Finland. Construction work was led and monitored by an authorized wastewater treatment consultant. The filter was placed on a field bordered by open ditches from all sides in order to collect excess rain and snowmelt waters. The filter was constructed and insulated from the...

In the rural areas around Oruro (Bolivia), untreated groundwater is used directly as drinking water. This research aimed to evaluate the general drinking water quality, with focus on arsenic (As) concentrations, based on analysis of 67 samples from about 16 communities of the Oruro district. Subsequently a filter using Iron Oxide Coated Sand (IOCS) and a filter using a Composite Iron Matrix (CI...

Cryptosporidium has caused the majority of waterborne disease outbreaks in treated recreational water venues in the USA for many years running. This research project evaluated some common US swimming pool filters for removing Cryptosporidium oocysts, 5-µm diameter polystyrene microspheres, and 1-µm diameter polystyrene microspheres. A 946 L hot tub with interchangeable sand, cartridge, and prec...

The River Yläneenjoki catchment in southwest Finland is an area with a high agricultural nutrient load. We report here on the nutrient removal performance of three on-site lime-sand filters (F1, F2, and F3), established within or on the edge of the buffer zones. The filters contain burnt lime (CaO) or spent lime [CaO, Ca(OH), and CaCO]. Easily soluble lime results in a high pH level (>11) and l...

An analytical procedure was proposed for the determination of 226 Ra at ultratrace levels in sand filters using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Radium was preconcentrated using an impregnated manganese dioxide filter and separated from strontium using Eichrom“Sr-resin.” Following the extraction chromatography, polyatomic ions of Pb and W were eliminated by op...

This paper deals with the study of bacteriological quality of effluents that have undergone consecutively different macrofiltration system (pressure sand filter or disc filter used as a secondary treatment) and UV254 irradiation process (used as a tertiary treatment). These two successive systems of treatment were evaluated to determine their possible application as commonly alternatives to the...

background: increased impervious surfaces in urban areas not only increase runoff volume and peak flow, but also worsen urban storm water pollution. the polluted runoff has many adverse impacts on human life and environment. the purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the efficiency of sand columns coated with nanoparticles of iron oxide in the presence and absence of a magnetic fi...

The removal of contaminants in slow sand filters occurs mainly in the colmation layer or schmutzdecke a biologically active layer consisting of algae, bacteria, diatoms and zooplankton. A ripening period of 6 8 weeks is required for this layer to form, during which time filter performance is sub-optimal. In the current study, an environmental scanning electron microscope was used to visualise t...

High-Efficiency Oil–Water Filter In article number 2100594, Jiawei Hu, Yi Chen, and co-workers prepare a high-efficiency oil–water filter by coating sodium alginate hydrogel layer in the surface of porous sand core. This exhibits excellent separation ability toward mixed liquor emulsion. Moreover, it has chemical stability, easy cleanliness, strong durability. All these characteristics make thi...