Conditional sampling is used herein to examine the e€ect of fetch, stability, and surface roughness changes on wind speeds in the coastal zone. Using data from an o€shore wind farm it is shown that at a distance of 1.2±1.7 km from the coast, up to a height of 20 m above the surface, di€erences in wind speed distributions from onshore and o€shore masts are statistically signi®cant for ̄ow moving...

BACKGROUND Adherence to good methodological quality is necessary to minimise bias in randomised conrolled trials (RCTs). Specific trial characteristics are associated with better trial quality, but no studies to date are specific to HIV/AIDS or African trials. We postulated that location may negatively impact on trial quality in regions where resources are scarce. METHODS 1) To compare the me...

In this study we aimed to evaluate the reduction in dimensionality of 20 linear type traits and more final score in 14,943 Holstein cows in Brazil using factor analysis, and indicate their relationship with longevity and 305 d first lactation milk production. Low partial correlations (-0.19 to 0.38), the medium to high Kaiser sampling mean (0.79) and the significance of the Bartlett sphericity ...

From 16955 live births which occurred throughout the United Kingdom in April 1970, three groups of children who might have suffered from fetal malnutrition, i.e. the multiple, postmature and small-for-dates births were selected with a 10% random sample. Their birthweights and weights, heights and head circumference measurements were compared at the ages of 22 months and 3 1/2 years. Differences...

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly used as a management tool to preserve species and habitats. Testing hypotheses about the effectiveness of MPAs is important for their implementation and to identify informative criteria to support management decisions. This study tested the general proposition that MPAs affected assemblages of algae and invertebrates between 0.0 and 0.5 m above the...

[1] Exchange of carbon between forests and the atmosphere is a vital component of the global carbon cycle. Satellite laser altimetry has a unique capability for estimating forest canopy height, which has a direct and increasingly well understood relationship to aboveground carbon storage. While the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICE...

INTRODUCTION Cephalic index (CI), the ratio of head breadth to head length, is widely used to categorise human populations. The aim of this study was to access the impact of anthropometric measurements on the CI of male Japanese university students. METHODS This study included 1,215 male university students from Tokyo and Kyoto, selected using convenient sampling. Multiple regression analysis...

Optical techniques, such as the light extinction and scattering as well as the laser-induced incandescence and the spectral soot emission, have been used routinely to measure soot concentrations in atmospheric flames. Laser-induced incandescence and light scattering have been proven to measure the primary soot particle size as well in atmospheric flames; however, using these two techniques for ...

This study explores the feasibility of applying single-scan airborne, static terrestrial and mobile laser scanning for improving the accuracy of tree height growth measurement. Specifically, compared to the traditional works on forest growth inventory with airborne laser scanning, two issues are regarded: "Can the new technique characterize the height growth for each individual tree?" and "Can ...

In this paper we use a stochastic differential equation to describe the dynamic evolution of the height of an individual tree. The first model is defined by Gompertz shape stochastic differential equation. The second model is defined by Gompertz stochastic differential equation with a threshold parameter. This model can be considered as an extension of the three parameter stochastic Gompertz mo...