Large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power plants may affect the hydrological cycle in all its components. Among various components, evapotranspiration is one of most important. As a preliminary step for assessing impacts PV on evapotranspiration, this study, we performed an evaluation study methods estimating reference (ETo). FAO and ASCE recommend Penman–Monteith (PM) method estimation ETo when data...

abstract in this study, impact of climate change on net irrigation requirement (in) and yield of wheat using cgcm3 climate projection model, one of the aogcm models, in behshahr area is evaluated. changes in temperature and precipitation were simulated run under the ipcc scenario a2 for 2011-2040, 2041-2070 and 2071-2100 periods. this work was done by using statistical and proportional downscal...

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of empirical equations (Hargreaves-Samani; HS, Irmak; IR and Dalton; DT) multivariate linear regression models (MLR1–6) for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ET Ref ) in different climates Iran based on Köppen method including arid desert (Bw), semiarid (Bs), humid with mild winters (C), severe (D). For this purpose, climatic data 33 mete...

Proper irrigation scheduling and agricultural water management require a precise estimation of crop requirement. In practice, reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is firstly estimated, used further to calculate the each crop. this study, two new coupled models were developed for estimating daily ETo. Two optimization algorithms, shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA) invasive weed (IWO), on an ad...

Drought monitoring is a complicated issue as it requires multiple meteorological variables to monitor and anticipate drought accurately. Therefore, developing method that enables researchers, data scientists, planners comprehend mitigation policies more accurately essential. In this research, based on the concepts behind calculation of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI),...