The equilibrium dissociation constant of the DNA binding domain of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1 DBD) for its DNA binding site depends strongly on salt concentration and salt type. These dependencies are consistent with IRF1 DBD binding to DNA, resulting in the release of cations from the DNA and both release of anions from the protein and uptake of a cation by the protein. We demonstrat...

Protective coatings are commonly applied to automobiles, aircrafts, ships, railways, furniture, bridges, concretes, architectural constituents, industrial installations, and many other products that we encounter on a daily basis. Coating application in many of these products is primarily implemented to provide protection against harsh environments such as UV light, extreme temperatures, acid, a...

The flexibilities of extracellular loops determine ligand binding and activation of membrane receptors. Arising from fluctuations in inter- and intraproteinaceous interactions, flexibility manifests in thermal motion. Here we demonstrate that quantitative flexibility values can be extracted from directly imaging the thermal motion of membrane protein moieties using high-speed atomic force micro...

In the structure of the title salt, 2C(3)H(5)N(2) (+)·C(6)H(8)O(8) (2-)·2H(2)O, the galacta-rate dianions have crystallographic inversion symmetry and together with the water mol-ecules of solvation form hydrogen-bonded sheet substructures which extend along (110). The imidazolium cations link these sheets peripherally down c through carboxyl-ate O-H-N and N'-H⋯O(hy-droxy) bridges, giving a thr...

In this paper w e discuss three little known letters on the Konigsberg bridges problem. These letters indicate more clearly Euler’s attitude to the problem and to his solution of it.