Salt-bridges ubiquitously form between oppositely charged moieties in proteins. Here we quantify changes in population of salt-bridged β-hairpin peptides due to added salt, and determine the thermodynamic driving forces and cooperativity of salt-bridge formation under these conditions. We find only a fraction of salt-bridged folded conformations at physiologically relevant salt concentrations.

Toktam Faal Rastegar was born in Quchan (Iran). She completed her B.Sc. in Chemistry in 2005 from Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. She was graduated from M.Sc. degree in Organic Chemistry from Bu-Ali Sina University (2008), Hamadan, Iran. She is currently Organic Chemistry Ph.D student under the supervision of Prof. A. Khazaei and Prof. M.A. Zolfigol in Department of Chemistry at Bu-Ali Sina Unive...

Toktam Faal Rastegar was born in Quchan (Iran). She completed her B.Sc. in Chemistry in 2005 from Ferdowsi University, Mashhad. She was graduated from M.Sc. degree in Organic Chemistry from Bu-Ali Sina University (2008), Hamadan, Iran. She is currently Organic Chemistry Ph.D student under the supervision of Prof. A. Khazaei and Prof. M.A. Zolfigol in Department of Chemistry at Bu-Ali Sina Unive...

Blood pressure responses to 1 week of low-salt (20 mmol sodium/d) and high-salt (300 mmol sodium/d) intake were investigated in a single-blind randomized study in 163 white, nonobese normotensive subjects (65 women and 98 men; mean age, 38 +/- 1.2 years). The individuals were classified as salt sensitive when mean arterial blood pressure rose by at least 5 mm Hg during high-salt intake, as salt...

Dahl salt-sensitive rats rapidly become hypertensive when exposed to a high salt diet, but Dahl salt-resistant rats maintain normal blood pressure on a high salt diet. A defect in baroreceptor afferents is thought to play a key role in the low sensitivity of baroreceptor reflexes in Dahl salt-sensitive rats even in the prehypertensive stage during low salt treatment. In the present study, we te...

Excess dietary salt induces a cytochrome P450 arachidonic acid epoxygenase isoform in rat kidneys (Capdevila, J. H., S. Wei, J. Yang, A. Karara, H. R. Jacobson, J. R. Falck, F. P. Guengerich, and R. N. Dubois. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267:21720-21726). Treatment of rats on a high salt diet with the epoxygenase inhibitor, clotrimazole, produces significant increases in mean arterial blood pressure (...

Salt (NaCI) is a ubiquitous component of diets in developed countries. A major reason for this is that people judge many salted foods as more palatable than the same foods without salt Because recent evidence indicates that an acceptable salt substitute is unlikely, an understanding of the behavioral and sensory factors involved in maintaining high salt preference is a prerequisite to successfu...

High salt diet alters neural cardiovascular control. This influence has been attributed to central neural or efferent mechanisms. To test the hypothesis that a high salt diet might alter afferent baroreceptor function, Dahl salt-resistant (DR) and salt-sensitive rats (DS) were fed a high or a low salt diet. Blood pressure was measured intra-arterially in unanesthetized animals. Aortic barorecep...

BACKGROUND The mechanisms of salt sensitivity as an important intermediate phenotype of essential hypertension remain elusive. A novel theory proposes that lymphatic vessels regulate sodium and fluid homeostasis. Since vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) plays a vital role in lymphatic capillary hyperplasia, we hypothesized that VEGF-C was involved in salt-sensitive hypertension. We t...

Iodized salt has been an important source of dietary iodine, a trace element important for regulating human growth, development, and metabolic functions. This analysis identified iodized table salt sales as a percentage of retail salt sales using Nielsen ScanTrack. We identified 1117 salt products, including 701 salt blends and 416 other salt products, 57 of which were iodized. When weighted by...