The immune performance, SNPs and expression levels of candidate genes (IL1-β, Nramp1, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and NLRC5) were analyzed in carrier chickens of a Chinese indigenous breed infected with Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum at different persistence periods (12, 19 and 24 weeks of age). Carrier birds at 19 weeks of age presented significant difference in most immune parameters, as compare...

The nutritional requirements of the Genus Salmonella, especially of such particular members as S. typhi (1, 2), S, gallinarum and S. pullorum(2), etc, have long been investigated. Salmonella organisms were classified by Hohn et al. (3) into two categories, Ammonium strong and Ammonium weak, according to their ability to grow in the ammonium synthetic medium. In 1946 Lederberg and Tatum(4) studi...

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Salmonella spp. causes diseases in fowls, when species-specific serovars (Salmonella Pullorum and S.Gallinarum) are present in flocks, and public health problems, when non-typhoid serovars are isolated, as well as possible bacterial resistance induced by the preventive and therapeutic use of antimicrobials in animal production. This study describes the serovars and bacterial resistance of 280 S...

The literature reveals many references to transamination by bacteria. Two well substantiated works are those of Cutinelli (1945) and Lichstein and Cohen (1945). Goodlow, Mika, and Braun (1950) and Altenbern and Housewright (1951) have demonstrated synthesis of alanine by BruceUa abortus involving this method. Altenbern and Housewright also showed that their organism was capable of direct or red...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and AMR in animal production is one of its contributing sources. Poultry is one of the most widespread types of meat consumed worldwide. Poultry flocks are often raised under intensive conditions using large amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and to treat disease, as well as for growth promotion. Antimicrobial r...

The cultural method to identify avian Salmonella infections is laborious and expensive, thus a rapid, sensitive and cost-effective method for the diagnosis of salmonellosis is anticipated. S. pullorum was isolated and a stained Salmonella somatic antigen was prepared. The protein concentration of stained antigen was measured and adjusted to 3000 ng/μl. Preservative was used to increase its shel...