Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is able to resist antimicrobial peptide killing by induction of the PhoP-PhoQ and PmrA-PmrB two-component systems and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modifications they mediate. Murine cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) has been reported to inhibit S. Typhimurium growth in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesize that infection of human monocyte-derived...

Objective(s):Typhoid fever is a dreadful disease of a major threat to public health in developing countries. Vaccination with bacterial immunodominant components such as surface proteins may prove as a potent alternative to live attenuated vaccines. InvH, an important part of needle complex in type three secretion system (TTSS) plays important role in efficient bacterial adherence and entry int...

Review of literature.?In England and America rats have been incriminated as important reservoirs of salmonella organisms. Savage and Read (1913) examined the liver, spleen, focces and heart-blood of 41 rats and isolated five strains of Salmonella enteritidis. Savage and White (1923) isolated six strains of the same organism from the liver, heart-blood and intestinal content of 96 rats. Kerrin (...

Drug-resistant enteric fever is increasingly common in the Indian subcontinent. Correctly determining azithromycin resistance matters where drug-resistant and oral therapy necessary. In two patients returning from Pakistan to UK with cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, gradient strip testing erroneously indicated resistance; errors were detected by repeat confirmed whole ...

Using the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS), a total of 421 blood culture isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi obtained during 1991-2001 were tested for susceptibility to ofloxacin (OFX) by the disc diffusion method, and for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of OFX by the agar dilution method. Among 421 isola...

The Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ompS2 gene codes for a 362-amino-acid outer membrane protein that contains motifs common to the porin superfamily. It is expressed at very low levels compared to the major OmpC and OmpF porins, as observed for S. enterica serovar Typhi OmpS1, Escherichia coli OmpN, and Klebsiella pneumoniae OmpK37 quiescent porins. A region of 316 bp, between nucleotides -4...

Salmonella enterica is a bacterial pathogen that closely interacts with its host and replicates intracellularly. It has evolved the ability to create an intracellular membrane vacuole where it can survive and replicate. The nature of the Salmonella vacuole is still poorly understood, and although it has some features in common with lysosomes, it serves as a suitable niche for its survival. In c...

BACKGROUND Enteric fever is a major public health problem in India. The current treatment of choice is the fluoroquinolones. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined by E-test, HIMEDIA HiComb MIC test and agar dilution. RESULTS An isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) from a case of enteric fever gave a ciprofloxacin MIC of 64 micr...

Background Malaria and typhoid fever are two leading infections of poverty with serious health and socioeconomic impacts, and due to their geographical overlap, co-infections are very common. Their mimicking symptomatology often present with gross misdiagnosis and mistreatment. This study was carried out to determine the incidence of malaria and typhoid co-infections among adult population in U...

Typhoid fever is a bacterial infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica subspecies serovar Typhi (S. Typhi), prevalent in many low- and middle-income countries. In high-income territories, typhoid predominantly travel-related, consequent to travel typhoid-endemic regions; however, data show that level of vaccination travellers low. Successful management using antibiotic...