Recent research shows that in duopolies with strategic delegation, firm owners have an incentive to always share information about managerial compensation contracts. We study how sharing of contract is affected by the presence a supplier. find under quantity competition, partial information‐sharing equilibrium may occur. Firms punish their managers for sales soften supplier pricing. Mandating i...

In e-Commerce, sales contract is a vital element in the trading and selling of commodities provision services, resulting increased production profit. Sales assures that are efficiently delivered to consumers with consideration towards consumer needs, supply demand. This study examined one major issue relating mechanism economic development, by combining contracts on products services. For prote...

We apply Slow Feature Analysis (SFA) to image sequences generated from natural images using a range of spatial transformations. An analysis of the resulting receptive fields shows that they have a rich spectrum of invariances and share many properties with complex and hypercomplex cells of the primary visual cortex. Furthermore, the dependence of the solutions on the statistics of the transform...

This paper evaluates a more integrated approach of regulation when doing international comparisons and represents the first cross-country study in the South American region in which quality and weather variables have been included in the analysis. A total of 82 electricity distribution firms operating in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Peru have been analysed for the period 1998-2008. Stochastic f...

Sweeping changes are being proposed for commercial law as it governs computer-related transactions. For example, the Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act (UCITA) has been adopted in two American states and will be proposed in most others. The Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA) has been adopted in most states, and the federal E-SIGN law governs in the non-UETA states. The Copyri...

the kind of contracts of government and public organisations that relates public affaires, that named public or administrative contracts , are very important to fulfil legal duties of government, and public contracts are new forms of providing public welfare, and management of public services, that are based on consenting instead of being authoritarian, but had been studied less in iran law bec...

Purpose This paper aims to dissect cross-border contracting practices among exporting businesses. The under-representation of exporter-importer dynamics and the superficial understanding contracts are motivation for this exploratory study. Design/methodology/approach qualitative multiple case study design focuses on 18 small medium size enterprise (SMEs) from New Zealand. analysis encompasses c...

Bill of Exchange is widely used in Islamic banking operations around the globe. This paper examines issue discounting from a Sharia perspective. The study revolves combining sale and borrowing (bay’ wa salaf). qualitative research adopts content analysis approach, using descriptive, analytical, comparative method to analyze collected data. Based on analysis, shows that its traditional raises co...

In this paper, we explain why existing cyber-insurance contracts condition their premiums only on a client’s general features (such as the number of employees, sales volume) but do not reflect the client’s security practices. Indeed, we show that even if a competitive insurer can monitor (and enforce) security requirements for a vast majority of his clients, with only a minor fraction of the cl...

We examine how firms respond to domestic demand shocks using the large and unanticipated shock government spending in European periphery countries during 2010-2011 sovereign debt crisis. find that with higher ex-ante exposure procurement contracts significantly increase their exports after or exit. Older larger are better able substitute sales entry into export markets than younger smaller firm...