The ancestors of present-day man (Homo sapiens sapiens) appeared in East Africa some three and a half million years ago (Australopithecs), and then migrated to Europe, Asia, and later to the Americas, thus beginning the differentiation process. The passage from nomadic to sedentary life took place in the Middle East in around 8000 BC. Wars, spontaneous migrations and forced migrations (slave tr...

BACKGROUND Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a polymorphic disease which may show various symptoms. Genetic diversity of the parasite is suggested to be one of the factors influencing the clinical manifestation of the disease. METHODS This study used PCR for the detection and identification of leishmanial parasites at the species level and applied a multilocus microsatellite typing ap...

This study examines the relationship between a board meeting and banks performance in Africa. paper provides insight on this question after taking into account endogeneity of meetings performance. Specifically, we use GMM technique sample 635 from 48 countries Africa 2000 to 2016 test our hypothesis found that more meetings, averagely 6, reduce banks’ sub-Sahara In Northern context, with an ave...

Natural resources have been defined by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Polisario Front, and a number of non-governmental organisations not only as an essential part Western Sahara conflict, but also battlefield that has attracted interest international community. This article explores how ethical trade guidelines two large institutional investors – Norwegian Swedish pension funds affected...

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognised the potential utility of traditional remedies and strives to preserve the primary health care involving medicinal plants. In various parts of Algeria, especially in the arid region, medicinal plants are widely used as an alternative to pharmaceutical drugs; the folk medicine represents a very important phenomenon in regional culture. Continuing...