We assessed whether influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk-based immunity protects ferrets against aerosol-transmitted H1N1 influenza virus infection. Immunization of ferrets by a universal influenza virus vaccine strategy based on viral vectors expressing chimeric hemagglutinin constructs induced stalk-specific antibody responses. Stalk-immunized ferrets were cohoused with H1N1-infected ferrets u...

The differentiation-inducing factor, DIF, was previously shown to induce stalk cell differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum cells incubated as submerged monolayers. We investigated the mechanism that regulates the differentiation of stalk cells in the intact organism. It was found that in migrating or submerged slugs DIF cannot induce stalk cell differentiation, which is most likely due to ...

We conducted this study to examine the effects of safflower seed granular tea containing physiologically active polyphenols on antioxidative activities and bone metabolism. Forty postmenopausal women ages 49 to 64-years were recruited from Daegu and Gyeongbuk and were randomly assigned to either a safflower tea supplement (Saf-tea) group (n = 27) or a placebo group (n = 13). The Saf-tea group r...

Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein is currently the primary target of licensed influenza vaccines. Recently, broadly reactive antibodies that target the stalk region of the HA have become a major focus of current novel vaccine development. These antibodies have been observed in humans after natural infection with influenza A virus, but the data are limited. Using samples an...

It is already known that secondary metabolites in plants are affected by many parameters such as biotic and abiotic stress conditions can vary quantity. Sorbitol, which used to increase osmolality cells, an important source of stress. The present study was conducted determine the effects sorbitol applications at different doses foliar spraying on total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant activity ...

Supratentorial hemangioblastomas (HBs) are rare, and pituitary stalk HBs are extremely uncommon; therefore, pituitary stalk evaluation is often overlooked. Herein, we report the development of pituitary stalk HB over a 20-year period and the importance of regular long-term follow up for patients with HBs.

Cells from the pseudoplasmodial stage of Dictyostelium discoideum differentiation were dispersed and separated on Percoll gradients into prestalk and prespore cells. The requirements for stalk cell formation in low-density monolayers from the two cell types were determined. The isolated prespore cells required both the Differentiation Inducing Factor (DIF) and cyclic AMP for stalk cell formatio...

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) stalk is a byproduct and normally the waste of garlic production but now is thought a good biological resource. It is necessary to utilize this resource efficiently and reasonably to reduce environment pollution and achieve agricultural sustainable development. The allelopathy of decomposed garlic stalk at different ratios (0:100, 1:100, 3:100 and 5:100) was investiga...