A Turing degree d bounds a principle P of reverse mathematics if every computable instance of P has a d-computable solution. P admits a universal instance if there exists a computable instance such that every solution bounds P. We prove that the stable version of the ascending descending sequence principle (SADS) as well as the stable version of the thin set theorem for pairs (STS(2)) do not ad...

OBJECTIVE The current study was conducted to determine if post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology predicted later development of non-PTSD anxiety disorders in children and adolescents victimized by interpersonal trauma. METHODS Thirty-four children with a history of interpersonal trauma and no initial diagnosis of anxiety disorder participated in the study. Children were assessed...

OBJECTIVE The association between maternal bonding style, offspring low self-esteem and offspring depression status was assessed by maternal depression status. SUBJECTS Sixty mothers and 137 offspring were independently assessed over the course of a ten year follow-up study. METHOD Assessments included the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS-LA), Schedule for Affective ...

Objective: We aimed at designing a cross sectional study to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents (IRCAP) and to determine its relationship with social capital, life style, and parents' personality disorders. Method: This cross sectional study was a national project implemented in all provinces of Iran. In this community-based study, using ‎mult...

Sudden unexpected death is defined as a natural unexpected fatal event that occurs within 1 hour of the onset of symptoms in an apparently healthy subject or in one whose disease was not so severe as to predict such an abrupt outcome. Approximately 294 851 adults and 2000 children die of sudden unexpected death in the United States each year. Evidence from a Danish population suggests an incide...

BACKGROUND Child abuse is a phenomenon that confronts the child, family, and society with irretrievable physical and mental injuries, and its negative effects continue until adulthood. OBJECTIVES The present study was conducted to identify and evaluate cases of abused children at a medical center. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a descriptive-analytic study. The subjects were all children and ...

Negative and positive symptoms were determined for 46 drug-free patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and/or Feighner criteria for schizophrenia. A modified version of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) was completed for each patient based on items from the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) and other scales. Positive symptoms were scor...

BACKGROUND Tobacco use prevention programmes need accurate information about smoking related mortality. Beginning in 1989, Oregon began asking physicians to report on death certificates whether tobacco use contributed to the death. OBJECTIVE To determine the long term comparability of this method of estimating tobacco attributable mortality to estimates of smoking attributable mortality deriv...

Some dogs can signal human seizure activity. Seizure response dogs (SRDs) recognize and respond to ongoing seizure and postseizure compromise, whereas seizure alert dogs (SADs) may warn of impending seizure.1-5 Canine companions may have an additional stress reduction benefit that can lead to decreased seizure frequency.5 In this report we describe a dog that warns of psychogenic nonepileptifor...