Here we use the description of a new specimen of the small caseid synapsid Casea broilii that preserves the sacral, pelvic and hind limb regions in great detail and in three dimensions, as a unique opportunity to reevaluate the early stages in the evolution of the sacrum in the lineage that led to mammals. We place this new material in the context of sacral evolution in early caseid synapsids a...

INTRODUCTION Osteoid osteoma is a benign tumor that usually occurs in the long bones of young adults. Its symptoms can be diverse depending on the location of the tumor and especially difficult to diagnose when occurring in an atypical location. Osteoid osteoma arising in the sacrum is extremely rare, and here, we present a case that was treated successfully in a minimally invasive fashion unde...

BACKGROUND Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is an extremely rare, benign cartilaginous tumor that makes up <0.5% of all bone tumors, typically presenting in the second or third decade of life. CMF of the sacrum is exceedingly rare, with only seven documented cases reported in the neurosurgical literature. CASE DESCRIPTION We report a case of a 35-year-old female with a 3 month history of lower bac...

Background Anterior Sacral Meningocele (ASM) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly which most medical practitioners may never come across in their life time. A rare case of Anterior Sacral Meningocele is reported with a review of the literature. Case Report A 31-years-old man was referred with an 8 month history of gradual abdominal distension. He was asymptomatic otherwise. He was found on e...

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical, radiological and genetic findings of a family affected by Currarino syndrome (CS) (agenesis of the sacrum, presacral mass, and anal-rectal anomalies), and to familiarise the radiologist with this condition that, although uncommon, could be suspected by its characteristic images. MATERIAL AND METHODS A study was made of 8 out of 9 family members (the parents...