Surface (S)-layer proteins are model systems for studying protein glycosylation in bacteria and simultaneously hold promises for the design of novel, glyco-functionalized modules for nanobiotechnology due to their 2D self-assembly capability. Understanding the mechanism governing S-layer glycan biosynthesis in the Gram-positive bacterium Paenibacillus alvei CCM 2051T is necessary for the tailor...

The macromolecular helicity of charged poly(phenylacetylene)s induced by small chiral guests in water can be retained by the alternative deposition of achiral polyelectrolytes with opposite charges, resulting in optically active multilayer thin films with a macromolecular helicity memory.

The surface (S)-layer protein of Lactobacillus brevis was isolated, purified, and characterized. The S-layer protein is the major protein of the cell, with an apparent molecular mass of 46 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Immunogold electron microscopy with polyclonal antiserum against the isolated 46-kDa protein was used to confirm the surface locati...

This report provides detailed description and necessary derivations for the BackPropagation Through Time (BPTT) algorithm. BPTT is often used to learn recurrent neural networks (RNN). Contrary to feed-forward neural networks, the RNN is characterized by the ability of encoding longer past information, thus very suitable for sequential models. The BPTT extends the ordinary BP algorithm to suit t...

Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis isolated from a case of human vaginosis was inoculated into the uterus of a C. fetus-negative heifer. Isolates obtained weekly from the vaginal mucus exhibited variations in high-molecular-mass-protein profiles from that of the original inoculum, which had a dominant 110-kDa S-layer protein. Immunoblots of the weekly isolates with monoclonal antibody probes...

Crystalline bacterial cell surface layers (S-layers) are monomolecular arrays of (glyco)proteins that have recently produced a wealth of new opportunities in nanotechnology. Whereas the in vitro imaging of isolated S-layers is well established, their direct imaging on live cells remains very challenging. Here we use atomic force microscopy (AFM) to visualize S-layer nanoarrays on living Coryneb...

Transmission ellipsometry measures the real and imaginary parts of the ratio τ = t(p)/t(s), where t(s), and t(s) are the transmission amplitudes for thep and s polarizations. For a homogeneous layer, the unknowns to be determined are the layer dielectric constant ε = n(2) and the layer thickness Δz. For nonabsorbing films the thickness can be eliminated, and an algebraic equation for e results....

Anammox bacteria perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and have a unique compartmentalized cell consisting of three membrane-bound compartments (from inside outwards): the anammoxosome, riboplasm, and paryphoplasm. The cell envelope of anammox bacteria has been proposed to deviate from typical bacterial cell envelopes by lacking both peptidoglycan and a typical outer membrane. However,...