The Brazil nut is a nutritionally rich food, produced and consumed in tropical regions. On the other hand, it may be suitable to toxigenic fungi consequently contamination by aflatoxins (AFL), toxic substances consumers. In this context, objective of work was evaluate occurrence AFL raw nuts, that is, before being subjected industrial drying stages. Of 23 samples were purchased at retail city M...

Background The Brazil nut, Bertholletia excelsa (Lecythidaceae), is the most important non-timber forest resource in the Amazonian biome, where nuts for the international trade are exclusively wild-collected. The monotypic genus possesses a discontinuous distribution and is thought to have rapidly and recently radiated south and westward from a northern/eastern Amazonian origin, largely as a re...

The study of the extent and pattern of genetic variation of six populations of Azadirachta excelsa (Jacks) Jacobs, i.e. Manong (Perak), Pokok Sena (Kedah), Sik (Kedah), FRIM (Selangor), Merchang (Terengganu) and Sg. Caru (Pahang) was carried out using starch gel electrophoresis. The analysis on eleven enzyme systems was found to be coded by 25 and 26 loci. The mean of observed heterozygosity ra...

O óleo da castanha-do-pará (Bertholletia excelsa) foi estudado por causa da sua composição em ácidos graxos, tocoferóis, esteróis e fosfolipídios. A composição de ácidos graxos nos fosfolipídeos também foi estudada. Os resultados foram comparados com os do girassol, da castanha, amêndoa, noz, soja e azeites. O seu alto teor em ácidos graxos insaturados, em b-tocoferol e em b-sitosterol confere ...

We designed a primer pair (BtubNomF/BtubNomR) specifically for amplifying Aspergillus nomius DNA. In vitro assays confirmed BtubNomF/BtubNomR specificity, corroborating its usefulness in detecting and identifying A. nomius. We then investigated the occurrence of A. nomius in floral visitors of Bertholletia excelsa trees by means of PCR, and A. nomius was detected in the following bees: Xylocopa...

The growth responses of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees exposed to elevated [CO(2)] (CE; 670-700 ppm) and long-term optimized nutrient availability or elevated air temperature (TE; ±3.9 °C) were studied in situ in northern Sweden in two 3 year field experiments using 12 whole-tree chambers in ca. 40-year-old forest. The first experiment (Exp. I) studied the interactions bet...

In this paper we explore a method for automatic planning of robot finemotion programs, first described in [Lozano-PCrez, Mason, and Taylor 19831. The primary result is a variation that is shown to be “bounded-conip1ete”the method obtains a solution whenever a solution consisting of a bounded number of motions exists.