Key-words Disease name / synonyms Definition / diagnostic criteria Differential diagnosis Etiology Clinical description Diagnostic methods Epidemiology Genetic counselling Treatment Unresolved questions References Abstract Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) or Ohtahara syndrome is the earliest form of agedependent encephalopathies, which include also West syndrome and Lennox-Gastau...

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) is an acute encephalopathy characterized by headache, altered consciousness, visual symptoms and convulsions. Diagnosis supported Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the Brain. Here we report a case PRES in 24-year-old-male who showed complete recovery with control blood pressure. Finally Post Infectious Glomerular Nephritis (PIGN) was found t...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication encountered in patients with liver cirrhosis. Hepatic encephalopathy is not reflected in the current liver transplant allocation system. Correlation was sought between hepatic encephalopathy with findings detected on radiographic imaging studies and the patient's clinical profile. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducte...

OBJECTIVE To identify intrapartum predictors of newborn encephalopathy in term infants. DESIGN Population based, unmatched case-control study. SETTING Metropolitan area of Western Australia, June 1993 to September 1995. SUBJECTS All 164 term infants with moderate or severe newborn encephalopathy; 400 randomly selected controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted odds ratio estimates. RESU...

background: bilirubin encephalopathy is a clinical syndrome, associated with bilirubin toxicity in the central nervous system, resulting in chronic and permanent sequelae. it has been estimated that approximately 60% and 80% of term and preterm newborns develop jaundice in the first week of life, respectively. in the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalence, morbidity, and mortality ...

BACKGROUND Hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a potentially fatal condition that may progress to irreversible neuronal damage and is usually associated with liver failure or portosystemic shunting. However, other less common conditions can lead to hyperammonemia in adults, such as fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical awareness of hyperammonemic encephalopathy in patients with normal l...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatic encephalopathy continues to be a major clinical problem and the current decade has not witnessed major therapeutic breakthroughs in this area. L-ornithine-l-aspartate (LOLA) is not frequently used as there are still some reservations about its benefits. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of LOLA in the management of hepatic encephalopathy. ...

Objectives-To establish better operational criteria for the diagnosis of Wernicke's encephalopathy. Current criteria for diagnosing Wernicke's encephalopathy require the presence of three clinical signs (oculomotor abnormalities, cerebellar dysfunction, and an altered mental state), although it has often been reported that most patients do not filfil all these criteria. Methods-The clinical his...

BACKGROUND Hepatic encephalopathy is a chronically debilitating complication of hepatic cirrhosis. The efficacy of rifaximin, a minimally absorbed antibiotic, is well documented in the treatment of acute hepatic encephalopathy, but its efficacy for prevention of the disease has not been established. METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 299 p...

Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute encephalopathy, characterized by the triad of mental confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and gait ataxia. Many reasons have been reported in etiology that may be related to insufficient intake or malabsorption thiamine. Here, we present a case Wernicke's developed after gastric bypass surgery, whose diagnosis was delayed because there no feature other than papillary ...