Methods for extracting PCR-amplifiable DNA from the spores of rusts and other plant pathogenic, obligately parasitic fungi are hindered by small cell size and thick spore walls that make uniform disruption or digestion difficult and by the abundant pigments, oils, protein, and RNA that can interfere with the subsequent purification and PCR amplification (6,14). For some rusts for which abundant...

Tuberculina species are mitosporic parasites of rust fungi. Phylogenetically they belong to the Urediniomycetidae, therefore being closely related to their rust fungal hosts. We reveal by means of molecular analyses, ultrastructural and morphological features, observations in the field, and infection experiments that species of the genus Tuberculina and the violet root rot (Helicobasidium/Rhizo...

Introduction The fungicidal properties of morpholines with large ring N-substituents was first reported in 1965 [ l ] and since then several (Fig. 1) have been marketed for the control of plant pathogenic fungi. Dodemorph, tridemorph, aldimorph and fenpropimorph are used to control powdery mildews and have both protective and eradicant properties. They are systemic in action, being absorbed thr...

The phylogenetic validity of Puccinia and Uromyces, Pucciniaceae, and closely related genera was evaluated using nucLSU rDNA sequences. Using a wide range of rust species with different life cycles and with different host specificities, Puccinia and Uromyces were shown to be highly polyphyletic and to also include representatives of the genera Aecidium, Cumminsiella, Dietelia, Endophyllum, Miya...

Rust diseases cause significant damage in forage and seed crops of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), which is highly heterozygous and heterogeneous and thus presents difficulty in genetic analysis. There has been no definitive demonstration of the existence of pathotypes for stem rust or other rusts of perennial ryegrass, although experiments with crown rust (Puccinia coronata) of this host ...

The interpretation of processes yielding aqueous contaminant removal in the presence of elemental iron (e.g. in Fe(0)/H(2)O systems) is subject to numerous complications. Reductive transformations by Fe(0) and its primary corrosion products (Fe(II) and H/H(2)) as well as adsorption onto and co-precipitation with secondary and tertiary iron corrosion products (iron hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, and...

Current work was accompanied in Kellem Wollega Zones Jima Horro District, Western Ethiopia, to evaluate the reproduction and productive performances of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles’ coated poultry. In existence sunlight as well moistness, rusts abolishes microorganisms (bacteria). The covering has been confirmed decrease bacterial development. Once covered, superficial remainders self-...