Are roads key to raising living standards in poor rural areas? This study evaluates the impact of the World Bank–financed Viet Nam rural transport project I, a large-scale rural roads rehabilitation project that aims to reduce poverty. The analysis will focus on the welfare impacts of rural roads as an input to policy discussion about how best to allocate scarce public resources for poverty red...

in nigeria, most farming activities rely on family labor. however, rural-urban drift and the movement of young people away from agriculture are making labor increasingly pause. thus, labor has become a major constraint to expanding the scope of production by small-scale resource poor farmers. this paper provides an empirical relationship between labor and poverty using data from households. thr...

Caste, Ethnicity and Poverty in Rural India This paper analyzes the determinants of rural poverty in India, contrasting the situation of the Scheduled Caste (SC) and Schedule Tribe (ST) households with the non-scheduled population. The incidence of poverty among SC and ST households is significantly higher than non-scheduled households. Using a probit decomposition analysis, we decompose the di...

from the perspective of rural development experts, organize small enterprise, s (ses), is a strategy for empowering villagers, especially poor women's and rural women heads of household. hundreds of ses by women heads of household has been launched in iran. this research has been done to evaluate the effects of ses on women's economic empowerment of rural women heads of household in t...

There is increasing recognition of the importance of taking poverty and gender into account in the design, implementation, and assessment of energy projects. Practitioners around the world are attempting to institute povertyand genderaware projects, and document experiences in order to share lessons with others interested in similar initiatives. Recognising the value of such initiatives, donors...

While the incidence of extreme poverty fell dramatically in China over 1980–2001, progress was uneven over time and across provinces. Rural areas accounted for the bulk of the gains to the poor, though migration to urban areas helped. Rural economic growth was far more important to national poverty reduction than urban economic growth; agriculture played a far more important role than the secon...

While liberalisation is designed to help growth and alleviate poverty by removing impediments that stop people and regions from specialising and trading, the process known as Core liberalisation (CL) has three components: it frees markets in goods and services, land, capital, and labour; phases out non-market influences on prices; and clarifies property rights. In the case of China, CL accompan...

This paper provides an account of the evolution of poverty and inequality during adjustment in Bolivia, covering the period 1985–99. It turns out that urban poverty declined somewhat after the initial stabilization phase that followed the hyperinflation in 1985. A similar evolution of per capita income suggests a positive impact of growth on urban poverty, although the correlation between the t...