BACKGROUND Fracture risk is rising in countries undergoing rapid rural to urban migration, but whether this reflects an adverse effect of urbanization on intrinsic bone strength, as reflected by bone mineral density (BMD), is currently unknown. METHODS Lumbar spine (LS) and total hip (TH) BMD, and total body fat and lean mass, were obtained from DXA scans performed in the Hyderabad arm of the...

introduction: the majoritiy of abortion risk factors has been classified as environmental and vary from one place to another. this study aimed to explore the relationship between exposure to pesticides and spontaneous abortion among female pistachio farmers in rafsanjan, iran.   materials and methods: in this case-control study, 50 women with spontaneous abortion and 50 women without this histo...

Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) are groups of health care providers, principally physicians and hospitals, who develop a new entity that contracts to provide coordinated care to assigned patients with the goal of improving quality of care while controlling costs. Section 3022 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 created the Medicare Shared Savings Program (SSP). The C...

Population growth and the associated transformation of landscapes is a major management challenge for coastal ecosystems. Coastal conservation should be guided by social, cultural, economic, ecological objectives, but integrative decision support tools appropriate complex ecosystems remain underutilized. Evaluating alternative policies objectives that span interconnected terrestrial, freshwater...

background: nutritional education is a necessity in diabetic patients to better control of the disease. the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational programs to promote nutritional knowledge in type ii diabetes patients using the health belief model (hbm). methods: this was a quasi-experimental study which was performed among type ii diabetic patients referred to rura...

this article wants to propose this theory that farm corporations are agropolitan development models in iran. as over-concentrating investments to the urban areas did not lead to a trickledown effect to the rural areas. to the extreme, there are ideas to minimize linkages with the urban economy, and to make the rural areas pursue self-sufficiency by maximizing its potentials. however, against th...