Latent heat release by equilibrium mineralogical transformations in an adiabatically subducting slab reversibly perturbs temperatures and pressures so as to conserve entropy. However, latent heats of metastable transformations in such a slab yield irreversible isobaric temperature changes which increase entropy despite adiabatic constraints. As a result, latent heat release by metastable exothe...

Modeling of long-period body waves of the Ms = 7.3 Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake suggests that the earthquake was a simple rupture that nucleated at a depth of about 16 km and propagated unilaterally northwestward toward the surface. The seismic moment tensor obtained from the inversion of teleseismic body wave amplitude data agrees well with the fault plane solution obtained from short-period ...

This study aimed to provide a simulation model for virtual ablation of soft tissue, focusing on simulating soft tissue deformation and destruction. The authors applied two hypotheses, the maximum shear stress hypothesis and the crack stress hypothesis, to simulate soft tissue rupture progression based on stress distribution. This combination of hypotheses realizes dynamic definition of the dire...

Electromagnetic forces in power transformer windings are produced by interaction between the leakage fluxes and current passing them. Since the leakage flux distribution along the windings height is in two axial and radial directions, so the electromagnetic forces have two components, radial and axial. There is a risk that a large electromagnetic force due to the short circuit or inrush current...

Direct-force measurements of the interactions between recombinant C-cadherin from Xenopus demonstrated that the ectodomain of cadherin exhibits multiple adhesive contacts that involve successive domains along the extracellular region of the protein. Contacts between the fully interdigitated antiparallel proteins form the strongest adhesive interaction. A second weaker minimum was measured when ...

Experimental data for rupture lines and wetting fronts in various kinds of paper suggest that the scaling properties of interfaces pinned in such fractally correlated media are governed by the fractal dimension, D, of the medium. Specifically, the phenomenological relation zeta=D-(d-1), where d is the spatial dimension of the system, satisfactorily describes the local roughness exponent, zeta, ...

Molecular recognition between biotinylated bovine serum albumin and polyclonal, biotin-directed IG antibodies has been measured directly under various buffer conditions using an atomic force microscope (AFM). It was found that even highly structured molecules such as IgG antibodies preserve their specific affinity to their antigens when probed with an AFM in the force mode. We could measure the...

We present a miniature centrifuge force microscope (CFM) that repurposes a benchtop centrifuge for high-throughput single-molecule experiments with high-resolution particle tracking, a large force range, temperature control and simple push-button operation. Incorporating DNA nanoswitches to enable repeated interrogation by force of single molecular pairs, we demonstrate increased throughput, re...