iran is one of the most concentrated areas of afghan migrants and refugees. most afghans dispersed throughout the country mixed with iranian households. the majority of afghan immigrants are typically unskilled and illegal workers. this study aims at investigating the nature of the causal relationship between afghan immigrants and two main labor market indicators, average wages and unemployment...

Proprietary capital falling into the public domain inefficiently decreases accumulation. As a consequence, market steady state consumption underperforms planner's by 4.6%–9.1% in neoclassical infinitely-lived agents economy with constant returns to scale and standard empirically supported parameters. The results extend robustly an overlapping generations economy, for which gap is 10.5% when sim...

  In this paper asymmetric price transmission mechanism and nonlinear adjustment between producer and retail prices of milk were examined in Zanjan Province of Iran. For this purpose, a Two-Regime Threshold Vector Error Correction Model (TVECM) and a Sup-LM Test developed by Hansen and Seo (2002) were employed for checking presence of a threshold effect. Application of unit root tests indicated...