Feeding dairy cows for maximum milk production increases the risk of ruminal acidosis. Diets fed to high producing dairy cows in North America are typically highly digestible in the rumen and often lack sufficient physical fiber. Rapid fermentation of carbohydrates causes an accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen, leading to a drop in ruminal pH. Lack of sufficient physical fib...

This study was carried out to determine of the effects of monensin on ruminal fermentation parameters in Ghizel sheep. Sixteen male Ghizel sheep were used allocated in completely randomized design. The diet containing of 2.9 ME (Mcal/kg DM) and 150 g/kg DM CP was formulated based on NRC requirement consisting of 400 g kg-1DM alfalfa, 488 g kg-1 DM barley grain, 200 g kg-1 DM soybean meal, 589 g...

Twelve Holstein bull calves were ruminally cannulated at 5 d of age and assigned to 0 or 1 mg of lasalocid/kg of BW daily, administered postruminally via milk replacer or into the ruminal cannula. Calves were fed milk replacer for 8 wk and calf starter for 12 wk. Lasalocid administration was terminated at weaning in calves fed lasalocid in milk replacer. Ruminal pH tended to be higher in calves...

This study evaluated the in situ ruminal degradability, and subsequent small intestinal digestibility (SID) of dry matter, crude protein (CP), and amino acids (AA) of cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower seed meal (SFSM) and distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) by using the modified three-step in vitro procedure. The ruminal degradability and subsequent SID of AA in rumen-undegradable prote...

a digestion trial using cannulated lactating cows was conducted to evaluate the influence of barley grain processing on characteristics of ruminal fermentation and the site and extent of digestion. the experiment consisted in 4 periods and lasted 84 days. the total mixed rations contained 39.86% of grains and 42.90% of alfalfa hay and the rest of ration was composed mainly by cane molasses, fat...

The objective of this study was to evaluate changes in ruminal microorganisms and fermentation parameters due to dietary supplementation of soybean and linseed oil alone or in combination. Four dietary treatments were tested in a Latin square designed experiment using four primiparous rumen-cannulated dairy cows. Treatments were control (C, 60 : 40 forage to concentrate) or C with 4% soybean oi...

The formation of hydroxystearic acid (HSA) and ketostearic acid (KSA) from oleic acid transformation has been documented in a variety of microbial species, including several isolated from the rumen of domesticated ruminant species. However, their ruminal production rates have not been established as influenced by fatty acid source. Dosing continuous cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms with...

Ruminal amino acid degradation is a nutritionally wasteful process that produces excess ruminal ammonia. Monensin inhibited the growth of monensin-sensitive, obligate amino acid-fermenting bacteria and decreased the ruminal ammonia concentrations of cattle. 16S rRNA probes indicated that monensin inhibited the growth of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Clostridium sticklandii in the rumen. Clo...

Ruminal bacteria or fungi were selected by the addition of cycloheximide or streptomycin and penicillin, respectively, to ruminal fluid, and the weakening and degradation of lignified tissues in alfalfa and Bermuda grass stems by these treatments and whole ruminal fluid were evaluated in vitro. Dry weight loss in alfalfa was similar for whole ruminal fluid and streptomycin-penicillin treatment,...

there is no randomized study carried out in order to compare their pharmacokinetic parameters although midazolam, as a sedative, has been widely administered via continuous infusion as well as intermittent bolus doses in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. we prospectively investigated the effect of these two principal methods on pharmacokinetic parameters in 23 of mentioned patien...