this study was conducted to evaluate effects of rosemary essential oils (reo) on feed digestibility, blood and rumen parameters of ghezel sheep. four male sheep with average body weight 46±2 kg were used in a 4×4 latin square design. treatments composed of basal diet (control) in addition to diets containing 100 (ro100), 200 (ro200) and 400 (ro400) mg/day of reo.  sheep's fed with 4 diets ...

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of rumen-protected arginine on median caudal artery blood flow and LH dynamics in cows fed toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue seed. Four ruminally cannulated nonlactating beef cows (539 ± 30 kg) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments utilizing a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 periods of 31 d each. Each cow was assigne...

The remnants of pesticides in livestock feeds have been increased by excessive using of these pesticides so as to meet extreme demands for more feeds. Finding a new strategy for reducing pesticides negative effects is absolutely necessary. Therefore, evaluation of the effects of sodium bentonite on blood parameters, feed digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters in sheep fed diets contami...

Context Beef cattle feed efficiency is challenged in northern Australian production systems due to the limited dietary protein, leading changes rumen bacterial populations and fermentation outcomes. Aims Two types of diets with different protein contents were used evaluate composition diversity, aiming correlate parameters. Methods In total, 90 Brahman steers (341 ± 45 kg BW) selected for this ...

Rumen is a persistent and specific ecosystem consists of bacteria, protozoa and fungus where feed fermentation takes place in it. Produced Hydrogen in rumen can be used in the synthesis of the volatile fatty acids and the microbial protein and its excess would be eliminated through the production of Methane by methanogenesis. Nutritionists have tried to find ways to decrease loss and energy and...

Anaerobic fungi inhabit the rumen and actively degrade plant cell walls. Rumen fungi produce high levels of cellulases and hemicellulases and are particularly proficient in producing xylanases. These enzymes are regulated by substrate (especially soluble sugars) available to the organisms. Fungi degrade unlignified (i.e., no histochemical reaction for phenolics) plant walls totally, indicating ...

1. Fistulated sheep given a concentrate diet were used to study the behaviour of solute ([51Cr]EDTA) and particle ([103Ru]phenanthroline) markers in the stomach under conditions of continuous feeding. 2. An injection of a mixed dose of [51Cr]EDTA and [103Ru]phenanthroline was given into the rumen and the time course of marker concentrations in the rumen and the abomasum was recorded. The curves...

During the past few years several investigators have reported the isolation of lactobacilli or lactobacilli-like organisms from the rumen liquor of cattle and sheep. Gall and Huhtanen (1951) isolated several gram positive, nonsporeforming rods from rumen fluid which produced lactic acid from glucose, but they were not further identified. Some lactobacilli found by Rodwell (1953) in a sheep's ru...

Plasmids are self-replicating genetic elements capable of mobilization between different hosts. Plasmids often serve as mediators of lateral gene transfer, a process considered to be a strong and sculpting evolutionary force in microbial environments. Our aim was to characterize the overall plasmid population in the environment of the bovine rumen, which houses a complex and dense microbiota th...

Considerable difficulty and uncertainty can be associated with sampling through cannulas from the reticulo-rumen of the sheep. The contents are by no means homogeneous, and for some purposes relatively large samples have to be withdrawn from various places within the organ and mixed in an external container before a subsample is taken for analysis and the unused portion returned to the rumen. I...