The growth and productivity of ruminants depends on a complex microbial community found in their fore-stomach (rumen), which is able to breakdown plant polysaccharides and ferment the released sugars. Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316T is a Gram-positive polysaccharide-degrading, butyrate-producing bacterium that is present at high numbers in the rumen of animals consuming pasture or grass sila...

Fibrous crop residues especially cereal straws form an integral part of the ruminant feeding under the prevailing livestock production systems in India. The abundance of these fibrous crop residues to the tune of 425 million tonnes (Banerjee, 1998), however, is constrained by their poor nutritional quality in terms of digestible nutrients and minerals. Promising approach appears to be the criti...

This research was carried out to evaluate the effects of flavone, myricetin, naringin, catechin, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol at the concentration of 4.5% of the substrate (dry matter basis) on the rumen microbial activity in vitro. Mixture of guinea grass and concentrate (60 : 40) was used as the substrate. The results showed that all the flavonoids except naringin and quercetin significan...

The objective of this study was to determine if a sulfur binder, bismuth subsalicylate (BSS), alone or combined with monensin (MON) could decrease the production of HS by rumen microbes. In Exp. 1, two 24-h batch culture incubations were conducted using a substrate consisting of 50% corn, 40% distillers grains, 9.75% hay, and 0.25% mineral premix, on a DM basis. Five treatments including BSS co...

Feeding of fat to dairy cows enables a more energy-dense feedstuff to be provided in the ration. Several excellent reviews have been written, which substantiate the merits of feeding fat. In recent years, omega-6 (linoleic acid) and omega-3 (linolenic acid) fatty acids have received attention because they are classified as essential fatty acids (EFA) for dairy cows. Being categorized as an EFA ...

Methane is known to be one of the major greenhouse gases. On a global scale, livestock farming may contribute 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Though methane contribution is less than 2% of all the factors leading to global warming, it plays an important role because it is 21 times more effective than carbon dioxide. Methane emission is a direct result of the fermentation process performe...

Soybean meal (SBM) is a quality feed with high protein and organic matter content but easy to degrade by microbes in the rumen. A degradation rate rumen causes potential loss as ammonia energy form of fermentation heat, CO2 gas, methane gas. This study aimed determine effect SBM protected condensed tannins (TK) from sengon leaves on its fermentability microbes. used completely randomized design...

This experiment was done to investigate microbial contamination and in situ disappearance rates of dry matter (DM), N and 15N of fresh labeled ryegrass. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) were labeled with 15N during growth in a glasshouse, harvested at 4th leaves stage and were incubated up to 34 h in situ in the rumen of 3 individually housed sheep. The animals were fed 800 g/d chopped alfal...

Ruminants are much less sensitive to ochratoxin A (OTA) than non-ruminants. The ruminal microbes, with protozoa being a central group, degrade the mycotoxin extensively, with disappearance half lives of 0.6-3.8 h. However, in some studies OTA was detected systemically when using sensitive analytical methods, probably due to some rumen bypass at proportions of estimated 2-6.5% of dosage (maximum...