Given the central role that the internet plays in modern life, internet bandwidth should be considered a scarce resource, demanding careful consideration as to how we consume it to maximize its utility. Global internet traffic is predicted to increase nearly threefold between 2016 and 2021, and the proportion of video traffic is expected to rise from 73 to 82 over the same period [1], driven i...

The struggle among social classes or castes is well known in humans. Here, we show that caste inequality similarly affects societies of ants, bees and wasps, where castes are morphologically distinct and workers have greatly reduced reproductive potential compared with queens. In social insects, an individual normally has no control over its own fate, whether queen or worker, as this is sociall...

in this paper technology policy of india which has evolved over the years have been introduced as following: firstly, it is selective and seeks to protect local technology. secondly, it seeks to reduce to direct costs and individual costs of technology imports by regulating the royalty rates, other payments, the duration and restrictive clauses. thirdly, it discourages technology imports throug...

S | 155 Public Good Economics and Standard Essential Patents Christopher Yoo Professor, University of Pennsylvania Law School Philadelphia, PA The smartphone and other similar industries have benefited immensely from the creation of technological standards. Adoption of an industry-wide standard can reduce costs, reduce uncertainty for firms wishing to produce components of the standard, provide...

Introduction uring a licensing deal (i.e. license of a patent protecting a product), several methods are commonly used to determine what is intended to be a “fair” royalty rate. It is even recommended to combine several methods in order to cross-check that there is no discrepancy between one method and another. These methods fall into three typical groups [1-4]: (i) comparison with previous sim...

Next, we show that ∂zπL(x,z,y)|z=x =−qL(y)γ(y), where γ(y)> 1 for all y. ∗Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, School of Economics, Guoding Road 777, 200433 Shanghai, China, Email: [email protected] †Sung-Buk Ku An-am Dong 5-1, Seoul 136-701, Korea, Email: [email protected] ‡Institute of Economic Theory I, Humboldt University at Berlin, Spandauer Str. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany,...