The association between methotrexate therapy and idiosyncratic neurological complications is well recognised in children. This case illustrates the importance of considering the diagnosis of methotrexate toxicity in an adult patient with behavioural and speech disturbances, who received it by intrathecal route only and in whom the only indicator was an abnormal electroencephalographic study.

Single-crystalline hyperbranched nanostructures of iron hydroxyl phosphate Fe5(PO4)4(OH)3·2H2O (giniite) with orthorhombic phase were synthesized through a simple route. They have a well-defined dendrite fractal structure with a pronounced trunk and highly ordered branches. The toxicity test shows that the hyperbranched nanostructures have good biocompatibility and low toxicity level, which mak...

Silica is a very common material that can be found in both crystalline and amorphous forms. Well-known toxicities of the lung can occur after exposure to the crystalline form of silica. However, the toxicities of the amorphous form of silica have not been thoroughly studied. The majority of in vivo studies of amorphous silica nanoparticles (NPs) were performed using an inhalation exposure metho...

Aquatic toxicity testing generally focuses on the water absorption/dermal route of exposure to potential toxic chemicals, while much less work has been done on the oral route of exposure. This is due in part to the difficulties of applying traditional oral toxicity testing to aquatic environments, including the tendency for test chemicals to dissolve into water. The use of biopolymer nanopartic...

The relationship between the oral efficacy and the acute toxicity of hydroxypyridin-4-one iron chelators has been investigated to clarify structure-function relationships of these compounds in vivo and to identify compounds with the maximum therapeutic safety margin. By comparing 59Fe excretion following oral or intraperitoneal administration of increasing doses of each chelator to iron-overloa...

Background: There is extensive variety of chemical compounds with antiulcer activity, which are isolated from medicinal plants. Matricaria chamomilla or Matricaria recutita or German chamomile, also spelled chamomile (MC), is one of the most widely used medicinal plants. In the present study, the extract of MC flowers was evaluated for antiulcerogenic activity and acute toxicity profile. Method...

OBJECTIVE To determine the efficacy and adverse reactions of OxyContin® administered by rectal route in advanced cancer patients. METHODS Patients were enrolled into this study in which OxyContin was administered by the rectal route. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was applied to score pain intensity, separated into five degrees. National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) we...

Joint pain is one of the most common complaints with many possible causes.Some medicines used for joint pain relief such as NSAIDs have substantial and frequent side effects. Topical route possibly reduces adverse reactions by maximizing local delivery and minimizing systemic toxicity. Throughout history, plants have been the most important sources of medicines for human health and Iranian Trad...