BACKGROUND and Overview. With the increased use of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments for root canal preparation in endodontics, instrument fracture has become more prevalent. Extensive research has been conducted on the physical properties and mechanical characteristics of NiTi rotary instruments, as well as the factors that can contribute to instrument failure. NiTi rotary instruments ...

Rotary encoders for rotational angle detection have been used in a variety of industrial applications, including detection of actuation and travel amounts and motor speed control. In automotive applications, rotary encoders are utilized for steering system angle detection, accelerator pedals and throttle valves to improve vehicle operability and safety. For every automotive application, the nee...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) grain yields are highly dependent upon the number of spike-bearing tillers produced per plant. Salinity, drought, and other environmental stresses can greatly affect the development and viability of tillers. We determined the effects of soil salinity on the occurrence and rate of tiller development and the incidence of tiller abortion in spring wheat c...

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A rotary resonance echo double resonance (R-REDOR) experiment is described for measuring heteronuclear dipolar coupling under magic-angle spinning. Rotary resonance reintroduces both dipolar coupling and chemical shift anisotropy with an rf field matching the spinning frequency. The resonance effect from chemical shift anisotropy can be refocused with a rotary resonance echo. The R-REDOR experi...