Responses to light were recorded from rods, horizontal cells, and ganglion cells in dark-adapted toad eyecups. Sensitivity was defined as response amplitude per isomerization per rod for dim flashes covering the excitatory receptive field centers. Both sensitivity and spatial summation were found to increase by one order of magnitude between rods and horizontal cells, and by two orders of magni...

An investigation was performed to determine whether corrosion resistant boron-free E-glass fibers could adequately prevent acid induced brittle fracture failures of high voltage composite insulator rods. Nine different rod compositions were tested at 45% of mechanical failure load in contact with 1 N nitric acid. Rods made out of commonly used E-glass fibers failed mechanically in less than 2 h...

When neurons in culture are transiently stressed by inhibition of ATP synthesis, they rapidly form within their neurites rodlike actin inclusions that disappear when the insult is removed. Oxidative stress, excitotoxic insults, and amyloid beta-peptide oligomers also induce rods. Immunostaining of neurites indicates that these rods also contain the majority of the actin filament dynamizing prot...

A method is proposed for determining power-density profiles in nuclear reactor fuel rods from neutron flux measurements obtained by multiple in-core micropocket fission detectors (MPFD). A general formulation is presented that relates the power-density profiles in a reactor’s fuel rods to the flux density at detector locations. Key to this formulation is the construction of an appropriate respo...

A series of well-ordered, extended mesostructures has been generated from hexagonal polyurethane rods (15x3.2 mm) by self-assembly using capillary forces. The surface of one or more sides of the rods was rendered hydrophilic by exposure to an oxygen plasma. This modification determined the pattern of hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces; the hydrophobic sides were coated with a thin film of a hydr...

Rods are capable of greater slow release than cones contributing to overall slower release kinetics. Slow release in rods involves Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR). By impairing release from ribbons, we found that unlike cones where release occurs entirely at ribbon-style active zones, slow release from rods occurs mostly at ectopic, non-ribbon sites. To investigate the role of CICR in ribb...

Most vertebrates have a duplex retina containing rods for dim light vision and cones for bright lights and color detection. Photoreceptors like cones are present in many invertebrate phyla as well as in chordata, and rods evolved from cones, but the sequence of events is not well understood. Since duplex retinas are present in both agnatha and gnathostomata, which diverged more than 400 million...

Given the post September 11th climate of possible bioterrorist attacks and the high profile 2002 Winter Olympics in the Salt Lake City, Utah, we challenged ourselves to deploy a computer-based real-time automated biosurveillance system for Utah, the Utah Real-time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance system (Utah RODS), in six weeks using our existing Real-time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance (R...

Rod and cone photoreceptors are highly similar in many respects but they have important functional and molecular differences. Here, we investigate genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation and chromatin accessibility in mouse rods and cones and correlate differences in these features with gene expression, histone marks, transcription factor binding, and DNA sequence motifs. Loss of NR2E3 in rods ...

Bone and ivory (osseous) rods of Paleoindian age have been found over much of North America, several from the same contexts that produced Clovis points. Previous researchers have suggested that these artefacts were projectile points, foreshafts, pressure-flaker handles or sled shoes. Published morphometric data indicate that the rods display varied attribute combinations, but these data are not...