It has been hypothesized that the light-evoked rod hyperpolarization (the receptor potential) initiates the light-evoked decrease in extracellular potassium ion concentration, [K+]o, in the distal retina. The hypothesis was tested using the isolated, superfused retina of the toad, Bufo marinus; the receptor potential was recorded intracellularly from red rods, and [K+]o was measured in the phot...

Application of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles to repair damaged enamel has attracted recent attention. In this study, HAp nanoparticles with various morphologies (spherical, short-rod, long-rod and fiber morphologies) were synthesized via chemical precipitation methods without the addition of template molecules, and the adsorption/desorption behaviors of a cationic antibacterial agent, cety...

We determined the phase boundaries of aqueous mixtures containing colloidal rod-like fd-viruses and polystyrene spheres using diffusing-wave spectroscopy compared results with free volume theory predictions. Excluded interactions in rods lead to mediated depletion interactions. The strength range this attractive interaction depend on concentrations particles, length L diameter D rods, radius R ...

A variety of respirator filters and surgical masks were challenged with three aerosolized bacteria: Mycobacterium abscessus (M.a.) (a rod), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S.e.) (a sphere), and Bacillus subtilis (B.s.) (a rod). Tests were conducted at two flow rates (45 and 85 l./min) and two humidity levels (30 and 70%). Aerosols were measured with a total-particle, direct-reading, spectrometer an...