artemisia annua is still the only commercial source of artemisinin. to date, a number of biochemical and molecular studies about artemisinin’s biosynthetic pathway have been carried out. in metabolic engineering approach, isolation and characterization of promoters leads to an understanding of which cis-acting elements are responsible for the regulation of gene expression. dbr2 is a key enzyme ...

People frequently analyze the actions of other people for the purpose of action coordination. To understand whether such self-relative action perception differs from other-relative action perception, the authors had observers either compare their own walking speed with that of a point-light walker or compare the walking speeds of 2 point-light walkers. In Experiment 1, observers walked, bicycle...

Recognizing human actions represented by 3D trajectories of skeleton joints is a challenging machine learning task. In this paper, the 3D skeleton sequences are regarded as multivariate time series, and their dynamics and multiscale features are efficiently learned from action echo states. Specifically, first the skeleton data from the limbs and trunk are projected into five high dimensional no...

The purpose of this study was to compare changes in the gait pattern between the elderly and young during level (i.e., even surface) walking under low illumination. Vision during walking plays a role in avoiding obstacles and uneven surfaces, as well as an important role in the proactive control of dynamic stability and route planning for level walking. Fourteen elderly and fourteen young male ...

The present study investigates the effects of different types of concurrent feedback on the acquisition of perceptual-motor skills. Twenty participants walked through virtual corridors in which rhythmically opening and closing sliding doors were placed. The participants aimed to adjust their walking speed so as to cross the doors when the doors were close to their maximal aperture width. The hi...

In this paper, two important factors which affect the pedestrian outflow at a bottleneck significantly are studied in detail to analyze the effect of an obstacle setup in front of an exit. One is a conflict at an exit when pedestrians evacuate from a room. We use floor field model for simulating such behavior, which is a well-studied pedestrian model using cellular automata. The conflicts have ...